论文总字数:24441字
摘 要
在金融与互联网相互融合的背景下,从互联网世界诞生的虚拟货币已经引起了广泛关注。近年来,虚拟货币作为一种新型货币形态,深刻影响了互联网金融交易市场,其辐射范围已从互联网世界渗透到现实世界,逐渐波及各国的实体经济与现实金融体系,对传统的货币政策也产生了影响。本文以当前的虚拟货币为研究对象,从虚拟货币的属性与本质着手,在此基础上分析了虚拟货币对现实世界的货币供求与货币政策工具的影响。
虚拟货币是互联网时代的新生事物,诞生时间较短,学术界对其定义仍有争议。本文首先介绍了当前对虚拟货币的各种定义,从虚拟货币与现实货币的联系与区别入手,探讨了虚拟货币的本质。目前,已有国家承认了虚拟货币的合法地位,但也有国家仍否定虚拟货币的货币属性,将其视为特殊的商品。前者以欧洲各国为代表,后者以美国为代表。本文将虚拟货币视为一种特殊的货币,承认其对现实货币的部分替代作用。通过分析虚拟货币的发行、流通与回收机制,以比特币为例,研究了虚拟货币与现实货币的双向流通机制,以及虚拟货币对现实经济与金融的影响。此后,从以比特币为代表的虚拟货币对中央银行地位、货币供求以及货币政策中介目标与工具这三方面的影响,阐述了虚拟货币对货币政策的影响。最后,根据当前各国对虚拟货币的态度与政策,为当前虚拟货币的监管提出了政策建议。
关键词:虚拟货币;本质界定;货币政策
The influence of virtual currency on monetary policy
Abstract
In the context of the integration of finance and Internet, virtual currency has been created from the Internet and attracted wide attention. In recent years,virtual currency,as a new monetary form, has deeply influenced Internet Finance and the real world. Not only the real economy and financial system, but also the traditional monetary policy was affected by the new currency. This article takes virtual currency as the research object, starts from the nature and attribute of virtual currency and analyzes the impact of the virtual currency on the monetary policy tools and money supply and demand on the real world.
Virtual currency is a new thing in the Internet era. The new currency is so young that much controversy is still over the definition of virtual currency. This article first introduced several definitions and discuss the nature of virtual currency, according to the link of virtual currency and real currency. So far, some countries have recognized the legal status of the virtual currency, but other countries still deny the currency attribute of virtual currency. European countries belongs to the former while America represents the latter. In this paper, the virtual currency is regarded as a special kind of currency and admitted to partly replace function of real currency. Based on the issuance, circulation and recycling mechanism of Bitcoin, we find the two-way circulation mechanism between virtual currency and real currency and discover the impact of virtual currency on real economy and finance. Then we study the influence of Bitcoin on the central bank status, money supply and demand, and monetary policy intermediate goals and tools. Finally, based on the attitudes and policy taken by some countries, we put forward the policy recommendations for the current regulation of the virtual currency.
KEY WORDS: virtual currency; definition; monetary policy
目录
摘要 I
Abstract II
目录 III
第一章 绪 论 1
1.1 选题背景和意义 1
1.2 文献综述 1
1.3 研究方案 2
第二章 虚拟货币概述 4
2.1 货币的概念与演变 4
2.2 虚拟货币的含义 5
第三章、虚拟货币的本质与界定 6
3.1 虚拟货币的本质 6
3.2 虚拟货币与现实货币的联系与区别 6
第四章 虚拟货币与现实世界的联通机制 8
4.1 虚拟货币的发行、流通与回收 8
4.2 虚拟货币与现实的流通机制 8
第五章 虚拟货币对现实经济与金融的影响 10
5.1 比特币的特点 10
5.2 比特币的风险与缺陷 10
5.3 比特币对现实经济与金融体系的影响 11
第六章 虚拟货币对中央货币政策的影响 12
6.1 虚拟货币对央行垄断地位的影响 12
6.1.1 削弱中央银行的货币发行权 12
6.1.2 对央行铸币税收入产生影响 12
6.2. 虚拟货币对货币供求的影响 13
6.2.1 虚拟货币对货币需求的影响 13
6.2.2. 虚拟货币对货币供给的影响分析 13
6.3 虚拟货币对货币政策中介目标及工具的影响 15
6.3.1 虚拟货币对货币政策中介目标的影响 15
6.3.2 虚拟货币对货币政策工具的影响 15
第七章 虚拟货币的监管现状与政策建议 17
7.1 各国监管现状 17
7.2 政策建议 17
参考文献 19
致谢 21
第一章 绪 论
1.1 选题背景和意义
互联网的普及之初,包括互联网综合服务提供商、网络游戏发行公司和门户网站在内的互联网企业纷纷推出了适用于本网站的专用货币,如腾讯公司的Q币,暴雪娱乐的战网币,百度公司的百度币。此后,又出现了基于P2P的加密数字货币,如比特币,莱特币。
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