流速仪检定车测速装置的设计

论文总字数：21831字

摘 要

流速仪检定水槽是用来对流速仪进行率定和鉴定的大型测量设备，由水槽槽体、轨道组件、馈电系统、检定车及其控制系统组成。本课题任务是对检定车的测速装置进行设计。具体内容为根据检定车的空间结构、测速精度等指标，选择编码器，设计测速的结构装置。测速装置用于实时测量检定车在轨道上运行的速度，仪器的测量精度要求较高。检定车的速度稳定性问题是设备的主要问题。在硬件设计上从提高系统的稳定性、可靠性、兼容扩展性以及易于维护性的方面考虑，以保证检定车在轨道上测速工作过程中的稳定性，需要对测速机构的设计有一定的要求。

本文采用纯硬件设计方案，上下方向使用弹簧调节机构以压紧测速轮，避免因测速轮打滑造成测速误差，水平方向采用四连杆机构通过铰接零件方式以保证测速轮直线前进，避免发生蛇形运动造成测速误差。用SolidWorks软件建模分析，测速装置结构合理，测速稳定。整个测速装置的设计在相关行业内处于领先水平，可直接在流速仪检定车上采用。

同时，对该装置测速精度进行校核，采用绝对位置检测和相对位置检测相结合的方法进行精度校核。采用绝对位置检测装置能够准确的测量到检定车的绝对位置，能够及时对检定车的位置变量进行更新，不会因为相对位置测量的误差累积引起检定车位置的严重错误，测量精度得以保证。

关键词：流速仪；检定车；旋转编码器；测速机构；绝对位置校核。

Abstract

Flow meter calibration tank is used to convection velocity instrument rate and identification of large-scale measurement device, composed of a tank body, rail assembly, feed system, calibration vehicle and its control system. This task is to design the speed measuring device of the vehicle. According to the specific content of the test car's spatial structure, measuring accuracy and other indicators, select the encoder, designed to speed the structure of the device. The measuring device is used to measure the speed of the vehicle on track, and the measuring accuracy of the instrument is higher. The speed stability problem of the test vehicle is the main problem of the equipment. In the hardware design from improve the system stability, reliability, and compatible with scalable and easy maintenance of considerations, in order to ensure the stability of calibration vehicle in orbit speed working process in need has certain design requirements of speed measuring mechanism.

The pure hardware design and direction using a spring regulating mechanism to compress the tachometric wheel, avoid the error of measurement caused by tachometer wheel slip, horizontal direction by four-bar linkage through hinged parts to ensure the tachometric wheel straight forward, avoid serpentine locomotion velocity error occurred. With SolidWorks software modeling analysis, the structure of the speed measuring device is reasonable, and the speed is stable. The design of the whole speed measuring device is in the leading level in the related industry, and can be directly used on the vehicle.

At the same time, the measurement accuracy of the device is checked, and the accuracy of the method is checked by the combination of absolute position detection and relative position detection. Absolute position of the absolute position detection device capable of accurate measurement to the test car, can timely on the test car position variables are updated, not because of relative position measurement error accumulation caused by serious errors in calibration vehicle position, measurement accuracy can be guaranteed.

Key words：Flow meter; calibration vehicle; rotary encoder; speed measuring mechanism; absolute position check .

目录

摘要..............................................................Ⅰ

Abstract .........................................................Ⅱ

1.绪论.............................................................1

1.1论文选题的背景及意义.......................................1

1.2本课题研究的内容及难点.....................................2

1.3论文组织结构...............................................3

2.流速仪检定系统的基本原理 ........................................4

2.1转子式流速仪及其工作原理...................................4

2.2流速仪检定原理.............................................5

2.3流速仪检定系统组成及其工作流程.............................6

2.3.1 检定水槽..............................................6

2.3.2 轨道..................................................6

2.3.3 检定车................................................7

2.3.4 检定车测控系统及工作流程..............................7

2.3.5 检定车的安全与保护....................................8

3.检定车测速原理和测速装置的总体方案设计...........................9

3.1 检定车的测速原理...........................................9

3.2 测速装置的总体方案设计.....................................9

4.流速仪检定车测速装置的详细设计..................................13

4.1 测速轮的结构设计..........................................13

4.2 传动轴的结构设计..........................................13

4.3 编码器的选型及其固定支座的结构设计........................14

4.4 调节结构的设计............................................17

4.5 支架及限位件的设计........................................21

4.6 测速装置的三维模型........................................23

1. 检定车测速装置的精度验证........................................24

5.1 测速装置的误差分析........................................24

5.2 绝对位置的校核原理........................................24

1. 总结............................................................26
2. 致谢............................................................27

参考文献..........................................................28

1. 绪 论

1.1 研究背景及意义

众所周知，我国的水力资源丰富，人文情况尤为复杂。从古到今，我们对各种水文现象进行观测，思考和总结着它们的规律，以指导我们的生产与生活。随着科学技术的发展，水文观测越来越突显出它的重要性，其技术水平也在不断的进步。近年来，人类活动对水文水利有利用越来越多的，水利工程已成为国民经济的基础产业，大量应用于防洪、灌溉、交通工程甚至于城市建设方面，因此对水文观测技术又提出了更高的要求。

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