风电变流器控制系统设计

论文总字数：26493字

摘 要

随着工业技术的进步，人们对能源的需求逐步增长，各国对各种新型能源的开发和利用都在进行中。其中风能作为新能源中资源丰富，可利用率高、开发成本较低的一种，风能的大力开发能够减轻能源危机和环境保护问题。近年来，风电技术在我国得到了飞速的发展，风力发电工程的推广和风电工程的大量建设使得我国成为了风力发电规模最大、增长速度最快的市场。

在多种风电系统中，直驱型永磁同步发电系统作为技术最为先进、拥有良好的发展前景的风电系统是目前最为热门的研究方向。因此本文从风力发电的理论出发，以直驱型风电系统为研究目标，对其工作原理和控制策略进行研究和设计工作。

本文首先从风电变流器的基本原理出发，对直驱型风电系统的四种拓扑结构分析，其中背靠背式双PWM变流器具有优越性，在实际过程中应用较为广泛，本文选择背靠背式双PWM变流器拓扑结构作为研究重点。通过对系统参数的分析，选择合适的器件并进行硬件电路设计，包括变流器主电路设计、驱动电路设计以及控制电路设计。其中变流器电路采用背靠背式双PWM变流器结构，IGBT驱动电路保证主电路的正常运行，基于STM32最小系统的控制电路负责产生PWM控制信号，控制IGBT的关断，实现电能的转换。然后研究当前风电技术中全功率变流器控制理论，分别从全功率变流器机侧控制策略、网侧控制策略进行分析和总结，还对低电压穿越功能实现技术以及T型滤波器参数整定进行说明。根据本次设计的目标以及技术要求，对所选取的全功率变流器结构进行分析，设计并优化全功率变流器控制策略，通过比较，机侧变流器采用零d轴电流控制的双闭环设计，其中外环是转速，内环是电流；而网侧变流器则根据目前风电技术的发展，采用广泛应用的基于电流的预测控制，其控制思路是通过模型建立，坐标变换之后，在两相旋转坐标系下，对给定的有功电流与三相电流的给定进行分析，对预测模型的输出进行校正，通过预测控制把当前周期内的实际参数与数学模型相结合，对未来周期内的期望电流进行预测，达到最优控制的目的^[1]。最终根据理论研究，设计了小功率全功率变流器系统，实现三相交流电整流以及直流逆变功能。

关键词 全功率变流器，直驱式风电机组，LCL滤波器，变流器控制策略优化

Design of Wind Power Converter Control System

Abstract

With the development of industrial technology, people's demand for energy is increasing day by day, and the development of new energy resources in all countries is in progress. Wind energy as a new energy source is rich in resources, high utilization rate, low development cost of a kind of wind energy development can reduce the energy crisis and environmental protection. In recent years, China's wind power technology has been developed rapidly, and the wind power project has made China become the largest and fastest growing market for wind power generation.

In many kinds of wind power system, the direct drive permanent magnet synchronous generator system is the most advanced research direction, which is the most advanced and has a good development prospect. So this paper from the theory of wind power, the direct drive wind power system as the research target, its work principle and control strategy research and design work.

This paper starts from the basic principle of wind power converter, of direct drive wind power system, four kinds of topological structure analysis, which the back-to-back PWM converter has advantages, is widely used in the actual process, the back-to-back double PWM converter topologies as the focus of the study. Through the analysis of the system parameters, select the appropriate device and hardware circuit design, including converter main circuit design, drive circuit design and control circuit design. Back-to-back double PWM converter structure is used in the converter circuit, IGBT drive circuit to ensure the normal operation of the main circuit, based on STM32 minimum system control circuit responsible for generating PWM control signal, the control of switching IGBT turn and can realize power conversion. Then the wind power technology in full power converter control theory, respectively from the full power converter machine side control strategy, grid side control strategy are analyzed and summarized in this paper., also on the low voltage ride through (LVRT function realization technology and LCL filter parameter tuning is described. According to the requirements of the design goal and the technology of full power converter structure is selected for analysis, design and optimization of full power converter control strategy, by comparison, machine side converter adopts double closed loop design of D zero axis current control, which is the outer ring inner ring speed, current and grid side converter based on; at present, the development of wind power technology, the current predictive control based on extensive application, the control idea is through the model, coordinate transformation, in the two-phase rotating coordinate system, given active power for a given current and three-phase currents are analyzed, the output of the prediction model is corrected by the actual parameters of current predictive control and the mathematical model of combined cycle, to predict the future expectations of current period, to achieve the purpose of optimal control. According to the theoretical research, a small power full power converter system is designed, which can realize the function of three-phase alternating current rectifier and DC inverter.

KEY WORDS: Full power converter ，Direct drive wind turbine，LCL filter，Converter control strategy optimization

目 录

摘要 ………………………………………………………………………………………………1

Abstract ……………………………………………………………………………………… 2

1. 绪论 ……………………………………………………………………………………5

1.1 课题背景与意义 ………………………………………………………………………5

1.2 风电行业现状及发展趋势 …………………………………………………………6

1.3 本论文的研究目的与内容 …………………………………………………………8

1. 风电变流器的基本原理 ……………………………………………………………9

2.1 风力发电系统简介 ……………………………………………………………………9

2.2 风电变流器技术要求 ………………………………………………………………11

2.3 全功率变流器拓扑结构 ……………………………………………………………11

1. 风电变流器系统电路设计 …………………………………………………………13

3.1 变流器设计 …………………………………………………………………………14

3.2 IGBT驱动电路设计 …………………………………………………………………15

3.3 电源电路设计 ………………………………………………………………………17

3.4 检测电路设计 ………………………………………………………………………18

3.5 控制电路设计 ………………………………………………………………………18

1. 风电变流器控制策略研究 …………………………………………………………23

4.1 机侧变流器控制策略 ………………………………………………………………23

4.2 网侧变流器控制策略 ………………………………………………………………27

1. 总结与展望 …………………………………………………………………………31

参考文献 ………………………………………………………………………………………32

致谢 ………………………………………………………………………………………………33

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