机器人辅助手部康复训练系统

 2022-03-05 21:45:35

论文总字数:26256字

摘 要

近年来脑卒中在我国的发病率逐年增加,它的主要症状为脑部出血性损伤,具有极高的致残率和致死率。众所周知,脑卒中是造成长期残疾的主要原因之一,因此,能够有效帮助老年人恢复运动机能的治疗训练设备,将面临更大的需求,这些设备可以帮助患者维持或提高生活独立性。

但由于康复医师和康复资源十分匮乏,这使得大多数病患更愿意在家中进行康复训练,缺少康复医师指导的康复活动缺乏系统性,其效果不尽如人意。这样一来,很多患者因为错过最佳康复期而渐渐失去肢体运动功能。随着社会的进步,科技的发展,研发新型康复机器人已成为今后手部康复医疗发展的主要趋势。利用康复机器人缓解医师数量紧缺的矛盾并使患者得以自行训练,将引领我国家庭护理模式走向与时俱进的发展道路。

本文基于国内和国外的手指康复训练机器人的发展状况和实际应用做出分析,提出了一种手指康复训练机器人系统。具体工作内容如下:

根据手指康复训练机器人系统的应用需求和应用对象,制定了系统的整体设计方案。本系统由康复机器人本体、机器人控制器、PC机等几个部分组成。提出了手指康复训练机器人的硬件系统设计。对人体手部结构进行了细致的分析,利用柔性末端牵引方案设计了手指康复训练机器人系统的机械结构,并根据控制需要设计了系统的控制电路,主要包括电源电路、信号采集电路、单片机处理电路、电机驱动电路和USB通信电路,并根据单片机的处理方案设计了下位机控制程序。

关键词:脑卒中;手部功能障碍;手指康复;人机交互

HAND REHABILITATION ROBOT TRAINING SYSTEM

Abstract

In recent years, stroke patients have been increasing year by year in our country. Stroke is a group of diseases manifested by the main symptoms as brain ischemic and hemorrhagic, it is with high mortality and morbidity and is a common disease in the elderly. It is expected that the demand for facilitation and maintenance of healthy ageing in this region is likely to escalate in the future. It is well known that stroke is one of the leading causes for serious, long-term disabilities. Therefore, effective and productive therapeutic training devices for assisting the elderly and people with a motor disability will be in greater demand to help them maintain or improve their independence as much as possible.

With the acceleration of the trend of an aging population, the post-stroke patients are increasing year by year, but the rehabilitation physician and rehabilitation resources are very deficient, so most patients tend to choose their training at home. It results in inadequate training intensity, lack of scientific training methods and blurring training steps. That means more patients are missing the best time to rehabilitation and gradually lost the whole mechanism function of the hand. With the development of computer science and technology, robotic technology began to be used in the medical field of rehabilitation. To develop the medical rehabilitation robots and use the medical rehabilitation robot to ease the shortage of physicians contradictory and make the patients take self-training will be the future development trend of the home care in our country.

After analyzing the research and application of the hand rehabilitation robot in and out abroad deeply, a hand rehabilitation robot system based on data glove is designed in this thesis. The system consists of several parts, such as rehabilitation robot body, the robot controller and the PC.

The hardware system design of the hand rehabilitation robot is proposed. The mechanical structure of the hand rehabilitation robot system is designed with a flexible end traction program, and the system control circuit is designed according to the control need. The circuits mainly include the power supply circuit, the signal acquisition circuit, the microcontroller processing circuit, the motor drive circuit and the USB communication circuit. The lower machine control program is designed according to the MCU processing plan.

Keywords: stroke; hand dysfunction; hand rehabilitation; human-computer interaction

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪 论 1

1.1 课题的研究背景及意义 1

1.2 国内外研究现状 2

1.2.1 国外研究现状 2

1.2.2 国内研究现状 4

1.3 机器人辅助手部康复训练系统的组成 5

1.4 本文的研究内容及主要工作 5

第二章 机器人辅助手部康复训练系统硬件设计 7

2.1 人体手部结构分析 7

2.2 手指康复训练模式 8

2.3 康复机器人结构设计 9

2.4 本章小结 11

第三章 下位机控制系统电路模块设计 12

3.1 控制系统设计 12

3.2 控制系统电路模块设计 13

3.3 控制系统电路模块结构设计 13

3.3.1 控制系统电源模块设计 13

3.3.2 信号采集模块设计 14

3.3.3 单片机处理模块设计 15

3.3.4 电机驱动模块设计 17

3.3.5 接口电路模块设计 17

3.4 本章小结 18

第四章 下位机控制系统软件设计 19

4.1 下位机编程环境介绍 19

4.2 主程序设计 19

4.3 初始化程序设计 20

4.4 生成PWM波程序设计 21

4.5 固件程序设计 23

4.6 本章小结 24

第五章 机器人辅助手部康复训练系统实验研究 25

5.1 引言 25

5.2 实验系统 25

5.3 实验目的 27

5.4 系统总体评价 27

5.5 本章小结 27

第六章 课题总结与展望 28

6.1 课题总结 28

6.2 发展优势 28

6.3 课题展望 29

致谢 30

参考文献(References) 31

绪 论

1.1 课题的研究背景及意义

近年来,我国经济水平不断发展,医疗体系逐步完善,人民群众的身体健康状况显著提高,人均寿命不断延长,我国开始步入“老龄化”社会。众所周知,老年人的身体会随着生理机能衰退变得越发迟钝,这就给日常生活带来许多不便。同时,老年人是也是很多疾病的高发群体。其中,脑卒中在老年群体的发病率一直保持居高不下。一旦成为脑卒中患者,将给自身、家庭和社会带来诸多不利影响。

脑卒中(常称“中风”)是一种持续性的大脑神经功能缺损,这种缺损是由急性脑血管疾病引起的,平时我们称之为“中风”或脑血管意外。特别是对于老年人群体而言,罹患脑卒中后会有85%的患者进而伴随偏瘫的症状出现[1]。统计研究表明,全国当前共有脑卒中患者800多万,且每年新发病例约150万,患病之后的致残率高达70%[2]

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