面向FDM 3D打印机全自动换料装置研制

论文总字数：26938字

摘 要

1.分析换料装置的功能要求和现有的设计参数，基于工艺动作过程的构思得到了便于自动化实现的换料过程，对关键的执行机构——切断机构进行了机构的选型设计，初步拟定了换料装置系统方案。

2.在明确换料装置功能要求的基础上，运用机械结构与零部件的设计方法设计三个重要机构——料盘固定机构、线料切断机构和线料输送机构。设计的料盘固定机构能适应内径不同的料盘，切断机构能实现线料切断与换接，线料输送机构能实现线料用尽报警和调整夹紧力的功能。

3.利用流程框图构建全自动换料装置的控制系统框架，分析了换料过程的具体步骤。结合生产实际对控制部分的硬件、固件程序框架做合理选择，基于控制环境和所选实时操作系统设计送料电机的控制方法。

4.运用模块化的思想在三维设计软件Solidworks上建立全自动换料装置的三维模型。针对换料装置中的切断机构，用Solidworks Motion进行动力学仿真，并分析仿真结果。

模型的动力学仿真表明该装置可以达到预期的设计要求，对FDM 3D打印行业的自动化生产具有重要的意义。

关键词：3D打印；换料装置；线料切断；料盘固定

Development of FDM oriented 3D printer automatic refueling device

02012110 Fang Zhenfang

Supervised by： Jia Fang

Abstract：The automation of 3D printer refueling process is the key and the urgent need for healthy development of 3D printing industry. At present, the application of FDM 3D printer has become increasingly widespread, but because the replacement process of filament is complicated and other environmental factors, the replacement of filament mainly rely on hands. This paper analyses the refueling action of FDM 3D printer deeply, designs the program of automatic refueling system, and completes the structure and control design. The main contents include:

1. Analysis of the refueling device’s functional requirements and existing design parameters. The automatic refueling process is completed based on the idea of ​​technology movement process. Key actuators-cutting mechanism has been designed, and develops refueling device system program preliminary.

2. On the basis of understanding the functional requirements of the refueling device clearly, reel fixing mechanism, cutting mechanism and filament delivery mechanism has been designed. Reel fixing mechanism can adapt to different inner diameters. Cutting and replacement of filament can be completed with cutting mechanism. When filament is expected to be exhausted, delivery mechanism will alarm. It can also adjust the clamping force.

3. Using flow diagram to build automatic refueling device’s control system, and analyzing the concrete steps of refueling process. Hardware and firmware frame are chosen based on the production environment. According to the control environment and selected real-time operating system, control method of feed motor is designed.

4. Establishing a three-dimensional model of automatic refueling device in Solidworks with the Modular thought and doing dynamic simulation to cutting mechanism by using Solidworks Motion.

A dynamic simulation model indicates that the device can achieve the desired requirements, and has important implications for automatic FDM 3D printing industry.

Key words: 3D printing; refueling device; filament cut; Reel fix

目 录

1绪论………………………………………………………………………………………………1

1.1 研究背景和意义………………………………………………………………………………1

1.2 3D打印技术的研究现状………………………………………………………………………1

1.3 论文的主要内容………………………………………………………………………………4

1.4 本章小结………………………………………………………………………………………4

2 全自动换料装置系统方案设计…………………………………………………………………5

2.1 换料装置的功能要求分析……………………………………………………………………5

2.2 自动换料工艺动作过程的构思………………………………………………………………6

2.3 关键执行机构的型式设计……………………………………………………………………7

2.4 换料装置系统方案的拟定……………………………………………………………………8

2.5 本章小结………………………………………………………………………………………8

3 全自动换料装置的结构设计……………………………………………………………………9

3.1 料盘固定机构的设计…………………………………………………………………………9

3.1.1 料盘固定原理………………………………………………………………………………9

3.1.2 料盘固定机构的零部件设计………………………………………………………………9

3.2 线料切断机构的设计…………………………………………………………………………10

3.2.1 线料更换动作的分析………………………………………………………………………10

3.2.2 线料切断机构的零部件设计………………………………………………………………11

3.2.3 曲柄轮转矩计算……………………………………………………………………………12

3.2.4 切断机构中电机的选型……………………………………………………………………14

3.3 线料输送机构的设计…………………………………………………………………………14

3.4 本章小结………………………………………………………………………………………15

4 全自动换料装置的控制设计…………………………………………………………………16

4.1 控制系统总体设计……………………………………………………………………………16

4.2 硬件部分………………………………………………………………………………………17

4.3 软件部分………………………………………………………………………………………18

4.3.1 固件程序框架………………………………………………………………………………18

4.3.2 送料电机的控制……………………………………………………………………………18

4.4 本章小结………………………………………………………………………………………21

5 全自动换料装置模型的运动仿真……………………………………………………………22

5.1 三维模型的建立………………………………………………………………………………22

5.2 全自动换料装置模型的动力学仿真…………………………………………………………22

5.2.1 模型仿真……………………………………………………………………………………22

5.2.2 结构分析……………………………………………………………………………………24

5.3 本章小结………………………………………………………………………………………24

6 总结与展望……………………………………………………………………………………25

6.1 全文总结………………………………………………………………………………………25

6.2 研究展望………………………………………………………………………………………25

致谢……………………………………………………………………………………………26

参考文献………………………………………………………………………………………27

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