论文总字数：34045字

摘 要

针刺毡滤料具有耐高温和抗化学腐蚀等优良性能，在高温烟气过滤器中具有广泛应用。在过滤过程中，由于气体中水汽冷却凝露，易使粉尘粘附并堵塞针刺毡滤料的孔隙，形成糊袋从而影响气体流通量。本文采用超疏水乳液对针刺毡滤料进行改性，使其具有优异的超疏水性能，从而防止粉尘粘附且便于清理，并延长其使用寿命。采用二氧化硅溶胶、氨水、表面活性剂、正硅酸四乙酯（TEOS）和十七氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷（FAS）为原材料，制备了水性超疏水涂料，通过优化各组分的含量，确定了涂料的合理配方为：80ml去离子水、适量氨水、1.2g硅溶胶、适量表面活性剂、0.6mlTEOS和0.2mlFAS。对涂料相关性能进行了测试分析，结果表明，涂料在室温下放置2周无絮凝无沉降，喷涂形成的涂层水接触角gt;160°，滚动角lt;1°，涂层在350℃高温下24h依然保持超疏水性能，在pH=1的强酸中浸泡24h也同样具有良好的超疏水性。

将聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）乳液、水性丙烯酸树脂与制备好的水性超疏水涂料复合，制备了水性超疏水乳液，通过调整PTFE乳液和水性丙烯酸树脂的添加量，确定了水性超疏水乳液的合理配方为：PTFE乳液添加量为20-30%，水性涂料纳米颗粒与水性丙烯酸的质量比为2.5:1；优化乳液处理针刺毡的工艺，确定了合理的处理工艺为2浸2轧，180℃预烘3min后240℃固化3min。对针刺毡的相关性能进行了测试分析，结果表明，该乳液浸渍针刺毡滤料表面所形成的涂层水接触角为156°，滚动角为15°；处理后的针刺毡滤料在湿度大于99%的环境下放置16h不吸湿，室温放置30天水接触角和滚动角几乎无变化，可耐高温（340℃），在pH=1和pH=13的强酸碱中浸泡24h保持良好的超疏水性，表明经过水性超疏水乳液处理的滤料具有优异的防潮性、超疏水稳定性、耐高温性和耐腐蚀性。关键词：水性；超疏水；滤料；防潮；稳定性

Abstract

Needle-punched felt filter material has excellent properties such as high-temperature resistance and chemical corrosion resistance, being widely used in high temperature flue gas filters. In the process of filtration, due to the condensation of water vapor in the gas, it is easy for dust to adhere and plug the pore of needle-punched felt filter material, forming a paste-bag phenomenon, thus affecting the gas flow rate. In this paper, the superhydrophobic emulsion is used to modify the needle felt filter material, so that it has excellent superhydrophobicity, thus preventing dust adhesion and cleaning.

Water-borne superhydrophobic coatings were prepared by using silica sol, ammonia water, surfactant, tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and heptafluorodecyl triethoxysilane (FAS) as raw materials. By optimizing the content of each component, the rational formulation of the coatings was determined as 80ml water, appropriate amount of ammonia water, 1.2g silica sol, appropriate amount of surfactant, 0.6ml TEOS and 0.2ml FAS. The results show that the coatings have no flocculation and sedimentation after 2 weeks at room temperature. The water contact angle (CA) of the coatings formed by spraying is more than 160 ° and the sliding angle (SA) is less than 1 °. The coatings still retain superhydrophobicity at high temperature of 350 °C for 24 hours and in strong acid with pH=1 for 24 hours.

The waterborne superhydrophobic emulsion was prepared by compounding polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) emulsion, waterborne acrylic resin and prepared waterborne superhydrophobic coating. By adjusting the amount of PTFE emulsion and waterborne acrylic resin, the rational formulation of waterborne superhydrophobic emulsion was determined as follows: PTFE emulsion was added to 20-30%, the ratio of waterborne coating to acrylic acid was 2.5:1. The reasonable treatment process of needle-punched felt filter material was determined as 2 immersion, 2 rolling, pre-drying at 180 °C for 3 minutes and curing at 240 °C for 3 minutes. The results show that the water CA of the coating formed on the surface of needle felt filter material was 156 ° and the SA was 15 °. After treatment, the treated needle felt filter material was placed without moisture absorption in the humidity greater than 99% environment for 16h. The water CA and SA were almost unchanged at room temperature for 30 days. It could withstand high temperature (340 °C) and maintained good superhydrophobicity in strong acid of pH=1 and alkali of pH=13 for 24 hours, indicating that the filter material treated by waterborne super hydrophobic emulsion had excellent moisture resistance, super hydrophobic stability, temperature resistance and corrosion resistance.

Key words: water-borne; superhydrophobic; filter material; moisture-proof; stability

目 录

摘 要 Ⅰ

Abstract Ⅱ

第一章 绪论 1

1.1引言 1

1.2工业粉尘处理研究现状 1

1.2.1电除尘方法 1

1.2.2袋除尘方法 2

1.3超疏水涂料的研究现状 3

1.3.1表面浸润理论 3

1.3.2化学改性法 6

1.3.3无改性法 9

1.4水性超疏水乳液研究现状 10

1.5本课题的研究目的和主要研究内容 11

1.5.1研究目的 11

1.5.2研究内容 11

第二章 实验材料和研究方法 13

2.1研究方案及技术路线 13

2.2实验材料及设备 14

2.2.1实验材料 14

2.2.2实验设备 15

2.3水性超疏水涂料的制备 16

2.3.1不同表面活性剂制备涂层 16

2.3.2不同原料添加含量制备涂层 16

2.4水性超疏水乳液的制备及处理针刺毡的工艺研究 17

2.4.1 PTFE乳液添加量不同处理针刺毡 17

2.4.2水性丙烯酸树脂添加量不同处理针刺毡 17

2.4.3工艺不同处理针刺毡 18

2.4.4表面活性剂不同处理针刺毡 18

2.5性能及形貌检测 19

2.5.1润湿性表征 19

2.5.2微观形貌及成分分析 19

2.5.3超疏水稳定性表征 19

2.5.4热稳定性表征 20

2.5.5化学稳定性表征 20

2.5.6防潮性能测试 20

第三章 实验结果与讨论 21

3.1水性超疏水涂层制备结果与讨论 21

3.1.1表面活性剂对水性超疏水涂料的影响 21

3.1.2不同原料添加含量制备水性超疏水涂料 23

3.1.3超疏水涂层形貌表征 26

3.1.4超疏水涂层的化学稳定性 26

3.1.5超疏水涂层的热稳定性 28

3.1.6超疏水涂层的自清洁性 30

3.2水性超疏水乳液处理针刺毡结果与讨论 31

3.2.1树脂添加量不同对针刺毡浸润性影响 31

3.2.2处理工艺不同对针刺毡浸润性影响 32

3.2.3滤料的超疏水稳定性 34

3.2.4滤料的热稳定性和化学稳定性 37

3.2.5滤料的防潮性 38

第四章 总结 41

参考文献 42

致 谢 44

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