论文总字数：67586字

摘 要

与西方国家相比，我国装配式建筑起步较晚，且随着我国加入WTO，传统建筑业面临国内外双重压力。我国装配式建筑仍处于发展阶段，现在仍存在对装配式建筑了解不足、传统建造模式思维难以转变，专业管理人才缺乏，装配式技术不够成熟等问题。曾有专家指出“21 世纪的竞争不再是企业和企业之间的竞争，而是供应链与供应链之间的竞争”，因此面对内外压力与现存问题，更需要引入供应链的思想以提高我国装配式建筑的竞争优势。

供应链的概念来源于扩大生产（Extended Production），以“横向一体化”为运作模式。芬兰于韦斯屈莱大学Koskela教授于20世纪90年代首次将制造业中的供应链理念运用到建筑业，现在对供应链韧性的研究主要集中在中断风险下的供应链韧性提升方向。而现阶段对装配式建筑供应链的韧性国内外研究较少，均未形成理论体系。

本文研究的主要目的一是通过装配式建筑供应链与传统建筑供应链的对比从而对装配式建筑供应链韧性进行定义，完善装配式建筑供应链理论体系；二是通过构建解释结构模型（Interpretative Structural Modeling Method，ISM）分析装配式建筑供应链韧性关键影响因素之间的层级关系；三是通过各关键影响因素间相互关系与层级关系提出装配式建筑供应链韧性提升策略，将理论联系实践。

本文研究采用的主要研究方法为解释结构模型。为建立解释结构模型，首先，采用文献分析法、问卷调查和专家访谈识别出15项关键影响因素；其次通过问卷调查法进行数据收集确定关键影响因素间的关系；然后，划分关键影响因素层级，构建解释结构模型并进行数据分析。解释结构模型共六层三类，第一层为顶层直接影响因素，直接作用于装配式建筑供应链韧性，包括危机意识、技术能力、运输和构配件生产冗余程度以及专业人才和劳务培训；第二至五层为中间层间接影响因素，与其他因素协同作用，直接或间接影响韧性，包括合作伙伴关系、信息共享、设计能力、运输能力、厂商管理、合作能力、装配施工能力、施工技术以及监管机制；第六层为底层根本影响因素，与装配式建筑的本质特点紧密相关，包括构件制造。最后，根据ISM模型分析结果，从供应链整体层面及其全生命周期各参与方角度针对性地提出装配式建筑供应链韧性提升策略，预制构件制造作为装配式建筑最本质特点，制造厂商应提高其管理水平、加强构配件制造水平并设置适当的冗余水平以提高装配式建筑供应链韧性。

装配式建筑供应链韧性的研究仍处于起步阶段，尚未形成成熟的系统性的理论框架和研究方法，众多学者对供应链韧性的研究方法并未统一。本文的研究意义在于创新性地采用文献分析法以及解释结构模型识别装配式建筑供应链韧性关键影响因素及其相互关系，并划分不同层级，对装配式供应链韧性知识体系的形成做了初步的贡献。在实际管理意义方面，本文从装配式建筑供应链参与主体角度提出装配式建筑供应链韧性的提升策略，有助于供应链上各节点企业进行专业化管理以提高韧性。

关键词：装配式建筑供应链；韧性；解释结构模型；提升策略

ABSTRSCT

Compared with Western countries, China's fabricated construction started late, and with China's accession to the WTO, the traditional construction industry is facing double pressure at home and abroad. China's prefabricated construction is still in the development stage. There are still problems such as insufficient understanding of prefabricated construction, difficulty in transforming traditional construction mode, lack of professional management talents, and insufficient maturity of assembly technology. Some experts pointed out that "the competition in the 21st century is no longer the competition between enterprises and enterprises, but the competition between supply chain and supply chain." Therefore, in the face of internal and external pressures and existing problems, it is necessary to introduce the idea of ​​supply chain to improve the competitive advantage of China's prefabricated construction.

The concept of supply chain comes from Extended Production, which is based on “horizontal integration”. Professor Koskela of the University of Jyväskylä in Finland applied the concept of supply chain in the manufacturing industry to the construction industry for the first time in the 1990s. Now the research on supply chain resilience mainly focuses on the direction of supply chain resilience under the risk of interruption. At present, there is little research on the resilience of the fabricated construction supply chain at home and abroad, and no theoretical system has been formed.

This paper has three purposes. The first purpose is to define the fabricated construction supply chain by comparing it with the traditional construction supply chain, and to improve the theoretical system of the fabricated construction supply chain. Second, by using Interpretative Structural Model (ISM) analyzes the hierarchical relationship between the key influencing factors of the resilience of the fabricated construction supply chain. The third is to propose the resilience improvement path of the fabricated construction supply chain through the mutual relationship and the hierarchical relationship between the key influencing factors, and connect the theory with practice.

The main research method used in this paper is Interpretative Structural Model. First, using the bibliometric method, questionnaire survey, expert interview to identify 15 key influencing factors; secondly, through the questionnaire survey method to collect data to determine the influencing factors relationship; at last, divide the level of key influencing factors, construct an explanatory structure model for data analysis and explain the structural model. There are six levels and three types. The first level is the top-level direct influencing factor, which directly affects the resilience of the fabricated construction supply chain, including crisis awareness, technical ability. , transportation and component production redundancy, professional talent and labor training; the second to fifth levels are indirect factors in the middle level, synergy with other factors, directly or indirectly affect resilience, including partnership, information sharing, design capabilities , transportation capacity, manufacturer management, cooperation ability, assembly and construction capability, construction technology and supervision mechanism; the sixth level is the underlying fundamental influencing factor, closely related to the essential characteristics of the fabricated construction, including component manufacturing, according to the ISM model analysis results, from the overall level of supply and the participants of the life cycle point to the resilience promotion strategy of the prefabricated construction supply chain. Prefabricated component manufacturing is the most essential feature of the prefabricated construction. Manufacturers should improve their management level, strengthen the manufacturing level of components and set appropriate redundancy levels to improve the resilience of the fabricated construction supply chain..

The research on the resilience of the fabricated construction supply chain is still in its infancy, and has not yet formed a mature systematic theoretical framework and research methods. Many scholars have not unified the research methods of supply chain resilience. The significance of this paper is to use the bibliometric method and the interpretative structural model to identify the key influencing factors of the resilience of the fabricated construction supply chain and their interrelationships, and to divide the different levels to make a preliminary analysis of the formation of the assembly supply chain resilience knowledge system. In terms of practical management significance, this paper proposes the improvement path of the resilience of the prefabricated construction supply chain from the perspective of the main body of the prefabricated construction supply chain, which helps the professional enterprises in the supply chain to carry out professional management to improve the resilience.

KEY WORDS: Fabricated construction supply chain; Resilience; Interpretative Structural Model; Lifting path

目 录

摘 要 I

ABSTRSCT III

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 选题背景及意义 1

1.2 国内外相关研究进展 3

1.2.1 供应链与建筑供应链 3

1.2.2 装配式建筑供应链的研究 4

1.2.3 供应链韧性 5

1.2.4 基于解释结构模型的影响因素分析 6

1.3 研究内容、方法及技术路线 7

1.3.1 研究内容 7

1.3.2 研究方法 8

1.3.2 论文结构及技术路线图 8

第二章 理论基础与研究方法 10

2.1 建筑供应链内涵 10

2.2 装配式建筑供应链现状 11

2.2.1 装配式建筑特点 11

2.2.2 我国装配式建筑发展存在的问题 12

2.2.3 装配式建筑供应链的组成 13

2.3 装配式建筑供应链与传统建筑供应链异同 14

2.4 装配式建筑供应链韧性内涵 16

2.4.1 韧性的内涵 16

2.4.2装配式建筑供应链韧性的定义 16

2.5 研究方法原理与步骤 17

2.5.1 文献分析法 17

2.5.2 问卷调查法与专家访谈法 18

2.5.3 解释结构模型 19

2.6 本章小结 20

第三章 装配式建筑供应链韧性关键影响因素鉴别 21

3.1 韧性影响因素识别 21

3.1.1 供应链层面韧性影响因素 23

3.1.2 设计单位相关韧性影响因素 24

3.1.3 构件制造厂商相关韧性影响因素 25

3.1.4 物流企业相关韧性影响因素 26

3.1.5 承包商相关韧性影响因素 26

3.1.6 监理单位相关韧性影响因素 27

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