论文总字数:28185字
摘 要
硫氧化物(SOX)是大气污染物的主要来源之一,为整治燃煤火电机组的SOX排放,高效经济的湿法脱硫技术成为了大部分火电企业的第一选择。但是,湿法脱硫技术会产生大量脱硫废水,将其直接排入生态系统中会对环境带来新的挑战。相关部门已要求火电厂实现废水零排放。在现行的废水浓缩技术中,喷雾蒸发技术(Spray Evaporation Desulfurization,SED)具有低能耗、低投资、高回收率等优点,显露出很强的优越性。本课题选择喷雾蒸发技术为研究对象,对烟气加热、废水雾化、蒸发三个阶段机理进行重点分析后,建立了一套可加装在在空气预热器与除尘器中部的SED喷雾蒸发模型。
基于计算流体力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)数值模拟方法对该模型进行仿真,分别使用ICEM、FLUENT、CFD-POST软件对其进行网格划分、数值模拟与结果后处理。其最终得到的各流场分布云图符合理论分析,证明蒸发器模型构建成功。并基于此进一步探讨表征蒸发器性能参数的重要指标——蒸发率与相对湿度的影响因素。重点分析了烟气进口温度、速度、气液比、废水喷雾温度、喷雾量等五个主要参数,绘制出了各变量间的关系曲线。最终确定了最适宜的入口参数范围。
关键词:脱硫废水、喷雾蒸发、数值模拟
Abstract
Sulfur oxide (SOX) is one of the main sources of atmospheric pollutants. In order to control SOX emission from coal-fired thermal power units, efficient and economical wet desulfurization technology has become the first choice for most thermal power enterprises. However, wet desulfurization technology will produce a large number of desulfurization wastewater, which will directly discharge into the ecosystem will bring new challenges to the environment. Relevant departments have asked thermal power plants to achieve zero discharge of wastewater. In the current wastewater concentration technology, Spray Evaporation Desulfurization (SED) has the advantages of low energy consumption, low investment and high recovery rate, showing strong superiority. This topic chooses spray evaporation technology as the research object. After analyzing the mechanism of the three stages of flue gas heating, wastewater atomization and evaporation, a set of SED spray evaporation model which can be installed in the middle of the air preheater and dust collector flue is established.
Based on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical simulation method, the model was simulated. ICEM, FLUENT and CFD-POST software were used to mesh, simulate and post-process the results. The final nephogram of the flow field distribution accords with the theoretical analysis, which proves that the evaporator model is successfully constructed. Based on this, the influencing factors of evaporation rate and relative humidity, which are important index to characterize the performance parameters of evaporator, are further discussed. The five main parameters of flue gas inlet temperature, speed, gas liquid ratio, spray temperature and spray volume were analyzed emphatically, and the relationship curves between variables were plotted. Finally, the optimum range of entrance parameters was determined.
Key Words: Desulphurization Wastewater; Spray Evaporation; Numerical Simulation
目 录
摘要Ⅰ
AbstractⅡ
第一章 绪论1
1.1 选题背景及意义1
1.2 废水治理技术2
1.2.1 多级闪蒸3
1.2.2 多效蒸发3
1.2.3 机械蒸汽再压缩4
1.2.4 喷雾蒸发5
1.2.5 蒸发技术比较5
1.3 喷雾蒸发研究现状6
1.4 本课题研究内容7
第二章 SED技术理论基础8
2.1 烟气参数8
2.2 废水雾化8
2.2.1 雾化细度8
2.2.2 尺寸分布9
2.3 液滴蒸发9
2.3.1 预热过程9
2.3.2 沸腾过程10
2.4 装置设计10
第三章 三维数值模拟11
3.1 数学模型11
3.1.1 连续相模型11
3.1.2 离散相模型12
3.1.3 湍流模型13
3.1.4 蒸发模型13
3.2 几何模型与网格划分14
3.3 求解方法与边界条件15
3.3.1 求解方法15
3.3.2 边界条件16
第四章 仿真结果与数据分析17
4.1 内部流场分析17
4.1.1 内部流场迹线图17
4.1.2 速度矢量分布图18
4.1.3 温湿度场分布图19
4.2 蒸发性能的影响参数20
4.1.1 气液比/烟气温度20
4.1.2 气液比/喷雾温度22
4.1.3 喷雾温度/烟气速度22
4.1.3 喷雾量/烟气速度23
4.3 出口相对湿度24
4.4 本章小结26
第五章 总结与展望27
5.1 总结27
5.2 展望27
参考文献Ⅲ
致谢Ⅳ
- 绪论
1.1 选题背景及意义
当今中国的基本国情决定了火力发电,尤其是燃煤电厂将在未来很长的时期内都是我国最为首要的电力供应方式。2018年中国仅火力发电便达到全国发电量的71.34%,大幅超过同年美国全年总发电量,其地位可见一斑。但在我国电力行业快速崛起的同时,大气污染问题却日益严重。火力电厂在煤炭燃烧的过程中,会产生大量含有S0x的工业烟气,进而形成酸雨,严重破坏环境与经济发展。根据中国现行的能源政策,2020年SO2的年排放量将达到3500万吨,其中因电厂和工业锅炉燃煤造成的比重高达70%【1】。
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