机械化学作用对黏土矿物吸附性能的影响

论文总字数：24650字

摘 要

本文选择机械力化学表面改性法作为研究重点，以蒙脱石为模拟黏土，考察污染蒙脱石模拟黏土中重金属的迁移特性，研究了模拟污染黏土蒙脱石在机械力作用下对重金属离子的吸附能力和吸附机理。主要在球磨机上对不同工况下，包括球料比、球磨方式、球磨时间等，考察机械作用力对污染蒙脱石黏土中重金属镉Cr(II)的迁移特性影响。结果表明，蒙脱石的对重金属镉Cr(II)的吸附性能与球料比、球磨形式（干磨、湿磨）有关。在其他条件相同时，湿磨条件下的镉离子去除率较干磨更高；在实验所使用的几种工况中，球料比为2.5时，对镉离子去除率较高。随着球磨时间的延长，镉离子浓度变化不明显。根据测定的浸出液中剩余镉含量，建立球磨条件和去除率的关系曲线。通过对比污染蒙脱石原样的XRD和FT-IR光谱对球磨后样品的XRD和FT-IR结果进行分析，表明在球磨后，蒙脱石黏土的底面间距增加，相应衍射峰强度减弱，层间吸附水减少、氢键作用受到破坏，晶体结构遭到破坏，有序性降低，引发了部分晶体价键断裂，因此对重金属离子的吸附能力变强。

关键词：机械化学，蒙脱石，重金属，球磨条件，表面变化

Abstract

In this thesis, mechanochemical surface modification method was selected as the research focus to study the adsorption capacity and adsorption mechanism of montmorillonite on heavy metal ions in the environment under the action of mechanical force. Montmorillonite was used as the simulated clay to investigate the migration characteristics of heavy metals in the contaminated montmorillonite simulated clay, and to study the adsorption capacity and adsorption mechanism of montmorillonite on heavy metal ions in the environment under the action of mechanical forces. Effects of mechanical forces on Cr(II) migration characteristics of heavy metals in contaminated montmorillonite clay was investigated under different working conditions, including ball-material ratio, ball-grinding mode, ball-grinding time, etc. The results show that the adsorption property of montmorillonite is related to the ratio of ball materials and the form of ball grinding (dry grinding and wet grinding). Under the same conditions, the removal rate of cadmium ion in wet grinding is higher than that in dry grinding. In several working conditions used in the experiment, the removal rate of cadmium ion is higher when the pellet material ratio is 2.5. The cadmium concentration did not change obviously when changing the prolongation of ball milling time. According to the residual cadmium content in the leaching solution, the relationship curve between grinding conditions and removal rate was established. The XRD and FT-IR spectra of the samples after ball mill is analyzed. Results showed that after the ball mill, the clay floor spacing of the sample increases, while the corresponding diffraction peak intensity is abated. Thus, the adsorbed water is reduced as the hydrogen bonding interaction between layer is partly damaged. The crystal destroyed structure as well as the lack of orderliness, caused part of the crystal valence bond rupture, resulting in increasing adsorption ability of heavy metal ions.

KEY WORDS: mechanical chemistry, montmorillonite, heavy metal, ball grinding condition, surface change

目 录

摘要 ……………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ

Abstract …………………………………………………………………………………… Ⅱ

1. 绪论 …………………………………………………………………………………1

1.1 研究背景与意义 …………………………………………………………1

1.2 土壤重金属污染治理研究现状 …………………………………………2

1.3 本文的研究内容及目的 …………………………………………………4

1.4 本章小结 …………………………………………………………………4

1. 实验仪器与方法 …………………………………………………………5

2.1 化学试剂 …………………………………………………………………5

2.1.1 化学试剂 ………………………………………………………5

2.1.2 样品配制 ………………………………………………………5

2.2 实验仪器 ………………………………………………………………5

2.3 实验与分析方法 ………………………………………………………………8

2.3.1 工况设置 ………………………………………………………8

2.3.2 分析方法 ………………………………………………………9

2.4 本章小结 ………………………………………………………………11

1. 机械化学作用对污染黏土重金属的迁移特性影响 ………………………11

3.1 球磨方式的影响 …………………………………………………………12

3.2 球磨时间的影响 …………………………………………………………13

3.3 球料比的影响 ……………………………………………………………14

3.4 吸附过程动力学模型分析 ………………………………………………15

3.5 本章小结 …………………………………………………………………16

1. 机械化学作用下重金属污染黏土的微观特性 ……………………………17

4.1 结构特性 …………………………………………………………………17

4.1.1 机械化学作用黏土的FT-IR分析 ………………………………17

4.1.2 机械化学作用黏土的XRD分析 ………………………………18

4.2 重金属在模拟黏土中迁移过程机理分析 ………………………………19

4.3 本章小结 …………………………………………………………………21

第五章 结论与建议 …………………………………………………………………21

5.1 结论 ………………………………………………………………………21

5.2 研究工作的问题及改进建议 ……………………………………………22

致谢 …………………………………………………………………………………23

参考文献（References） ……………………………………………………………24

第一章 绪论

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