《三国演义》插图文学批评

论文总字数：65141字

摘 要

明清之际，通俗小说开始兴盛，传统版画也渐渐步入黄金时代，书商往往把插图作为一种商业竞争手段附载在小说之中吸引读者。成书于明代的《三国演义》作为传统章回体小说的一座丰碑，亦有版本众多的插图本。插图刊绘的过程中，刻工与绘者具有读者与创作者的双重身份，一方面，他们阅读与理解文本，另一方面，他们通过为小说创作插图的方式注入自己对于小说情节与人物的情感态度和道德评判，插图文学批评也即由此产生。

插图系统主要包含图像与题赞两大元素，本文即以语图关系为探讨基础，从这两个元素的角度去研究《三国演义》插图文学批评的表现与意义：第一章着重探讨图像批评作为一种独特的文艺批评形态所呈现的批评效果，首先研究图像对文本“已有部分”的选编，画工选择哪些情节作为成画的素材，在插图中表现这些情节的方式，都是画工身为插图创作者带有自主意识的选择。其次探讨图像对文本情节的增改，这种增改不同于选编，是画工“以图补文”的尝试，其中表现之一是画工对书中人物的个性化塑造，表现之二是象征性意象的注入，本文选取各刊本插图中典型意象，阐析其表现效果和隐喻意义。最后探讨图像批评与文人评点的之间或唱和或彼此解构的关系，分析图像批评所带来的对小说文本多维度的解读；第二章从题赞与图像之间的关系出发，去探讨插图作为包含这两大元素的系统的批评功能。题赞作为插图系统中的文字部分，包括图题，图赞，像赞，楹联等多种形式。题赞以文字形式的表达优势，首先能强化插图图像的叙事能力，其次辅助图像传情达意，从而起到与图像共同传递批评思想的作用；第三章在第二章的基础之上，重点分析题赞文本身独立的批评价值，以万历十九年（1591）万卷楼刊行的《三国志通俗演义》作个案研究，此刊本题赞为插图楹联形式，是明代万历年间比较独特的一种插图题赞类型。插图楹联在文学形态与“题画诗”相联，同时在批评形式、批评特色上也与广义上的“论诗诗”批评类型相似。落实到具体文本，主要从万卷楼本插图楹联的来源以及技法运用、批评主旨上具体阐析这种题赞类型的批评效果与批评价值。

关键词：《三国演义》，插图，文学批评，图文关系，题赞

Abstract

In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the popular novels began to flourish and the traditional printmaking also gradually entered the golden age.Booksellers used illustration contained in the novel as a means of commercial competition in order to attract readers.As a monument of the traditional serial novels, the romance of The Three Kingdoms also have varies editions contained illustrations.In the process of painting and publishing of illustrations, carve worker and painter had double identities of reader and creator. On the one hand, they read and understand the text.On the other hand, they injected their emotion attitude and moral judgment of the characters and the plots in the novel by means of creating illustrations for the novel.Illustration criticism thus began to appear.

Illustration system mainly consists of two elements of image and the Zan.The dissertation is based on language figure relations and to study the performance of the illustrations in literary criticism of the Romance of The Three Kingdoms. The first chapter discusses the image criticism as a unique form of literary criticism.Firstly, research on the way images choose the text.Painters’ choice of plots as into the picture of the material and the way they present them reflect their subjective initiative and autonomous consciousness. Secondly, the dissertation will discuss the way that images change the plot of the text. This change is different from the selection and it is painters creative attempt .On the one hand,painters re-shaping characters in the book. On the other hand, symbolic imagery is injected in the images. The dissertation selecting typical images in various versions illustrations and expatiates on their expressing effect and metaphorical meaning. Finally, the paper discusses the relationship between image criticism and literary criticism, and analyzes the multi-dimensional interpretation of the novel text brought by image criticism. Chapter two discusses the critical function of illustration as a system containing these two elements from the relationship between the Zan and image. As the text part of the illustration system, the Zan includes various forms such as picture title, picture praise and couplet. First of all,the Zan can strengthen the narrative ability of the illustration image, and then assist the image to convey meaning, so as to play a role in the image of the common transmission of critical ideas; On the basis of the second chapter, the third chapter focuses on analyzing the independent critical value of the title praise text, and makes a case study of the Romance of The Three Kingdoms annals published in the nineteenth year of wanli. The illustrated couplets are associated with "painting poems" because of its literal form.At the same time, in the form and characteristics of criticism, they are similar to the criticism types of "Poetics poem" in a broad sense. In terms of the specific text, the dissertation elaborates on the critical effect and value of this type of the Zan from the source, techniques and the subject matter of criticism.

KEY WORDS: Romance of The Three Kingdoms, illustration, literal criticism, relationship between literature and image, the Zan

目 录

摘要 I

Abstract II

绪论 1

一.研究对象 1

二.研究意义与方法 2

三.研究现状 2

第一章 从图像看《三国演义》插图的文学批评 4

第一节 图像对文本的再挑选 4

第二节 图像对文本内容的增补与改变 8

一.图像在人物塑造上“以图补文”的再创造 9

二.图像在环境塑造上的再创造：象征性意象的注入 16

第三节 图像批评与评点的互文 25

第二章 从题赞与图像的关系看《三国演义》插图的文学批评 29

第一节 《三国演义》插图题赞的形式 29

第二节 从题赞与图像的关系看《三国演义》插图的文学批评 30

一. 题赞对插图叙事能力的强化 31

二. 题赞与图像对文本的唱和与解构 34

第三章 从题赞文本身看《三国演义》插图批评——以万卷楼本插图楹联为例 37

第一节 “语-图”双重视域下的楹联批评 37

第二节 万卷楼本插图楹联的来源 41

第三节 从技法运用与批评主旨看万卷楼本插图楹联的批评特色 44

结语 49

参考文献（References） 50

附录1 论文涉及《三国演义》插图本 52

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