基于颗粒与颗粒间碰撞带电的实验研究

论文总字数：25149字

摘 要

碰撞带电现象在本世纪以来受到了研究者的广泛关注，并被认为是接触起电的主要机制之一，然而到目前为止，碰撞带电的机理尚不明确。因此有必要对颗粒碰撞展开研究，用以指导实践和生产。本文就对单颗粒碰撞展开实验研究，主要工作如下：

在单颗粒碰撞荷电实验系统上进行颗粒间碰撞实验，研究不同颗粒种类和颗粒物性的碰撞荷电规律。本课题选用POM、尼龙等常用工业生产原料，采用法拉第杯、静电分析仪等设备进行测量，得到颗粒间碰撞荷电规律。

实验思路：将球1放入筒内，静电分析仪可测得球1初始电荷量Q₁₀；球1悬挂在筒内不动；球2进入筒内，与球1发生碰撞后从下底面的通孔中出去，分析始末曲线，二者差值即为球1的电荷变化量△Q₁。每次实验前，球2均经过离子吹风机做除静电处理。

根据实验需要，重新定制了通式法拉第筒，即内外筒上下底面等径贯通，使得球2从上方孔径进入筒内与球1碰撞后，从下方的孔径顺利掉出。为控制碰撞速度和碰撞角度，用支架固定纸槽，纸槽正对球1球心，球2滑过纸槽撞击球1，保证了碰撞角度和碰撞速度不变。

通过实验，验证了两种材料尼龙和POM的静电序列关系：尼龙小球碰撞后趋于带正电，△Q为正；POM小球碰撞后趋于带负电，△Q为负；通过实验，得出了碰撞小球初始静电量Q₁₀和电荷变化量△Q呈正相关关系，即△Q随小球初始静电量Q₁₀的增大而增大；通过实验发现，固定其他条件及球1、球2粒径的相对大小关系不变，随着碰撞小球粒径的增大，电荷变化量△Q也在增大；同时还发现，相同条件下，运动的大球碰撞静止的小球产生的△Q比运动的小球去碰撞静止的大球产生的△Q要大。

关键词：碰撞带电；单颗粒碰撞；粒径；初始静电量

Abstract

Since the beginning of this century, the phenomenon of impact charge has been widely concerned by researchers and is considered as one of the main mechanisms of contact electrification. Up to now, however, the mechanism of impact charge is not clear. In this paper, the experimental research on single particle collision is carried out, and the main work is as follows:

The particle to particle collision experiments are carried out on the single particle collision charge experiment system. This subject selects common industrial production raw materials such as POM and nylon and adopts Faraday cup and electrostatic analyzer equipment for measurement, so as to obtain the law of particle collision charge.

In the experiment, ball 1 is put into the cylinder, and the initial charge Q₁₀ of ball 1 could be measured by the electrostatic analyzer. Ball 1 is suspended in the cylinder; Ball 2 enters the cylinder, and after colliding with ball 1, it goes out of the through hole on the bottom surface. By analyzing the initial and final curves, the difference between them is the charge change of ball 1 △Q₁. Before each experiment, ball 2 is treated with an ion blower to remove static electricity.

According to the experimental needs, we re-customized the general Faraday cylinder, that is, the upper and lower bottom surfaces of the inner and outer cylinder are equally connected, so that ball 2 enters the cylinder from the upper aperture and colliding with ball 1, and then falls out from the lower aperture. In order to control the collision speed and the collision Angle, the paper slot is fixed with a support, the paper slot is facing the center of ball 1, and the ball 2 slides through the paper slot to hit the ball 1, ensuring the collision angle and collision speed remain unchanged.

Through experiments, the electrostatic sequence relationship between nylon and POM was verified: after the collision Nylon ball tends to positive, △Q is positive; after collision POM balls tend to be negative, △Q is negative; Through experiments, it is concluded that the initial static charge Q₁₀ of the collision ball is positively correlated with △Q, that is, △Q increases with the initial static charge Q₁₀; We also found that, fixed other conditions and ball 1amp;ball 2 relative size relationship unchanged, with the impact of small particle size increase, charge change △Q also increased; Under the same conditions, the △Q generated by the moving large ball colliding with the stationary ball is larger than the △Q generated by the moving ball to collide with the stationary large ball.

KEY WORDS: Impact charge; Single particle collision; Particle size; Initial charge

目 录

中文摘要 II

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 2

1.1 研究背景及意义 2

1.2 研究现状 2

1.3 本文研究内容及安排 2

第二章 颗粒碰撞实验装置 2

2.1 实验装置 2

2.2 实验原理 2

2.2 实验步骤 2

2.3 实验数据处理 2

2.4 实验误差分析 2

第三章 不同因素下颗粒碰撞带电实验研究 2

3.1 验证材料的静电序列 2

3.2 初始静电量对碰撞带电的影响 2

3.3 颗粒粒径对碰撞带电的影响 2

3.4 颗粒运动状态对碰撞带电的影响 2

第四章 结论 2

4.1 本文主要结论 2

4.2 研究展望 2

参考文献 2

致 谢 2

附录A：分析初始静电量和碰撞电荷变化量程序代码 2

附录B：分析碰撞速度和碰撞角度的程序代码 2

剩余内容已隐藏，请支付后下载全文，论文总字数：25149字