论文总字数：30468字

目 录

摘要 IV

Abstract V

1.绪论 1

1.1 引言 1

1.2 染料废水的现状及处理方法 1

1.3 凹凸棒石的性质及应用现状 6

1.4 选题意义及主要研究内容 10

2.实验方法 11

2.1 实验药品及仪器 11

2.1.1 实验药品 11

2.1.2 实验仪器 11

2.2 样品制备 11

2.2.1 凹凸棒石的活化处理 11

2.2.2 磁性凹凸棒石的制备方法 13

2.2.3 吸附性能测试 14

3.凹凸棒石的活化处理及其吸附性能研究 16

3.1 晶体结构 16

3.2 微观形貌 16

3. 3 HCl活化后的ATP的吸附性能 17

3.3.1 不同浓度盐酸活化对凹凸棒石吸附性能的影响 17

3.3.2 凹凸棒石对不同染料的吸附性能 17

3.3.3 吸附时间及动力学分析 18

3.3.4 染料的初始浓度及吸附等温线 19

3.4 本章小结 21

4.磁性凹凸棒石 22

4.1 制备方法 22

4.2 晶体结构 22

4.3 微观形貌 23

4. 4 磁性凹凸棒石的吸附性能 23

4.4.1 复合量对吸附性能的影响 23

4.4.2 吸附时间及动力学分析 24

4.3.3 染料的初始浓度及吸附等温线 25

4.4 ATP/CoFe₂O₄的磁性 26

4.5 本章小结 27

5.总结与展望 28

参考文献 29

致谢 31

凹凸棒石的改性及其对染料废水的吸附性能研究

黄发霖

，China

Abstract：As a common waste water, dye wastewater has caused great harm to human health and the environment. In the waste water treatment method, the adsorption method is a very efficient method. However, many adsorbents are expensive and can only be used once.Therefore, it is very necessary to develop a kind of recyclable, low cost and environment-friendly efficient adsorbent. In recent years, natural clay minerals have often been used as adsorbents for wastewater treatment. Clay has a large specific surface area, stable chemical mechanical properties, good environmental compatibility and other characteristics, and is one of the ideal materials for the restoration of water pollution. However, natural mineral clays limit their application range due to their limited adsorption capacity. Therefore, the modification of natural clay minerals to improve their adsorption performance has attracted wide attention from researchers. This paper focuses on the modification of attapulgite (ATP), which mainly consists of two parts:

(1) The acid activation of attapulgite was studied to study the effect of HCL concentration on the structure, morphology and adsorption performance of attapulgite. After HCl activation treatment, the sample still retained the ATP's rod-like morphology and the structure was looser. The attapulgite activated by different concentrations of hydrochloric acid exhibited better adsorption of methylene blue. The attapulgite activated by 4M hydrochloric acid had particularly outstanding adsorption performance. The saturated adsorption capacity of MB was 247.96 mg·g^-1. The adsorption behavior of MB is more consistent with pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir adsorption isotherm.

(2) The magnetic attapulgite adsorbent was prepared by hydrothermal method or co-precipitation method. The effects of the composite method and the compound amount of magnetic particles on the adsorption performance were studied. It was found that the coprecipitation method and the two-step hydrothermal method can all obtain the ATP adsorbent with magnetic response, while the ATP prepared by one-step hydrothermal method is not magnetic. The adsorption of MB by ATP/CoFe₂O₄ prepared by co-precipitation method and ATP(Mn)/MnFe₂O₄ prepared by hydrothermal method is more in line with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Among them, the two adsorbents of ATP/30%CoFe₂O₄ prepared by co-precipitation method and ATP(Mn)/30%MnFe₂O₄ prepared by hydrothermal method have saturated adsorption capacities for MB of 213.56 and 314.74 mg g^-1, respectively. Use a magnetic field for separation.

Key words：ATP;Adsorption;Magnetic attapulgite

1. 绪论

1.1 引言

近几十年来，伴随我国工业迅速发展以及人口的快速增长，染料在化学工业中被广泛使用，染料废水的排放造成了水体环境的严重污染，使得人类赖以生存的水资源日渐匮乏。据统计，我国每年废水排放量为390多亿吨，染料废水的比例达18%^[1]，水资源污染危机已成为限制中国经济发展的重要因素之一。

随着国家可持续发展战略规划的实施以及鼓励行业坚持可持续发展观念。近年来中央及地方政府陆续发布了一系列关于限制污染、规范绿色生产的政策，主要对象是包括印染在内的传统高污染产业，处理废水污染成为是我国治理污染的主要举措之一。

1.2 染料废水的现状及处理方法

1.2.1 染料废水的现状

工业废水对环境造成了巨大的污染。许多染料都具有很高毒性甚至致癌对微生物的影响。直接排放工业废水的不仅污染环境，也对水生生物和人类造成很大的危害。而且，这些染料通常具有很好的化学稳定性，这使得它们在自然条件下难以降解。生产纺织品，橡胶，纸张，塑料，爆炸物，药品和化妆品时会产生含有有毒有害物质如染料的污水，而合成染料表现出与天然染料不同的稳定性和灵活性。通过分析它们的电荷和性质，可以将这些染料归类为3种类型：阳离子、阴离子和非离子染料。

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