论文总字数：24286字

摘 要

高速铁路近年在我国得到了高速发展，对国民经济的发展起到了重大作用，成为了我国客运货运的主要交通方式。高速铁路的飞速发展，一些负面影响相继产生。高速列车运行时产生的振动对环境的影响尤为严重。巨大的噪声和振动对城市居民的正常生活形成了严重的影响。橡胶垫对于保护铁轨，降低振动，降低噪音起到关键作用。橡胶是一种广泛使用的高分子合成的材料，具有容易老化的通病。在储存和使用的过程中，力学性能会随着时间的变长而下降，逐渐的丧失使用性能，形成安全隐患，减振效果降低。所以监测橡胶垫的老化程度具有重要意义，应做到及早发现失效的橡胶垫并及时替换。

本文成功制备出了新型复合锆钛酸铅(PZT)纤维柔性压电传感器， 其性能优于已有的PZT柔性压电传感器，压电性能、灵敏度以及稳定性均满足监测高速铁路橡胶垫失效情况的应用要求。进行了小球下落试验，发现了输出电压与能量损失的关系，从而验证了橡胶垫板老化程度越高，传感器输出电压越大的规律。进行了刚度测试，实验结果发现，所制备的柔性压电传感器对橡胶垫板的刚度的影响很小，对其工作性以及安全性不会造成不良影响，可以将其用于监测橡胶垫板老化程度的系统中。同时，实验证明了所制备的柔性压电传感器具有优良的耐寒性和耐高压力的性能。

关键词：高速铁路减振，橡胶垫老化，静电纺丝法，PZT柔性压电传感器

Application of piezoelectric sensors for monitoring rubber mat failure in the high-speed rail

Abstract

In recent years, high-speed railway in China has developed rapidly. As the main mode of transportation of the passenger and cargo transport, played a major role in the development of the national economy . With the rapid development of high-speed railway, some negative effects have been produced. Effects of vibration generated by high-speed train running on the environment is particularly serious. Huge noise and vibration have become a serious impact on the normal life of urban residents. Rubber mat plays a key role in protecting the tracks, reducing vibration and noise. As a kind of synthetic polymer materials , rubber has been widely used ,but it is easy aging. In the process of storage and use, mechanical properties of rubber declines with time, gradually losing performance, formatting of security risks, the damping effect is reduced. Therefore, monitoring the degree of aging of the rubber mat is important and should be done early detection of failure, and replace the rubber pads timely.

In this paper, a new composite fiber flexiblep piezoelectric ceramic transducer (PZT) piezoelectric sensor has been successfully prepared, which outperforms conventional PZT flexible piezoelectric sensor. Piezoelectric properties, sensitivity and stability are met the application requirements of monitoring high-speed railway rubber pads failure conditions. By falling the small ball test, we found a relationship between the output voltage and the energy loss, which proves a regular that the higher the degree of aging of the rubber mat, the sensor output voltage greater. In this paper, we conducted the test of stiffness, the experimental results showed that the influence of flexible piezoelectric sensor prepared rubber mat stiffness is small, its workability and safety will not cause adverse effects, which can be used to monitor the rubber pad aging system. At the same time, it proved flexible piezoelectric sensor prepared with excellent cold resistance and well performance of resistance to high pressure.

Key words: high-speed rail damping, rubber aging, electrospinning method, flexible piezoelectric ceramic transducer (PZT) ,piezoelectric sensor

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

目 录 III

第一章 绪 论 1

1.1引言 1

1.2高速铁路橡胶垫老化研究进展 1

1.3关于轨下橡胶垫板老化研究存在的问题 3

1.3.1橡胶垫板老化理论研究不足 3

1.3.2仿真数值模拟存在不足 3

1.3.3监测橡胶老化程度的系统不完善 4

1.4将压力传感器应用于监测橡胶垫板的老化程度 5

1.5 PZT纤维的发展与应用 5

1.6 PZT纤维柔性压电传感器 6

1.6.1静电纺丝法 6

1.6.2交叉指型压电纤维传感器 7

1.7 研究内容 9

第二章 PZT纤维柔性压电传感器的制备及性能表征 10

2.1 PZT短纤维的制备 10

2.1.1实验药品 10

2.1.2实验仪器 10

2.1.3前驱体溶液的制备 10

2.1.4静电纺丝制备纤维 11

2.2 PZT纤维柔性压电传感器的制备 12

2.2.1 实验药品与仪器 12

2.2.2 制备流程 12

2.2.3 传感器的性能测试 12

2.3小结 15

第三章 橡胶垫板的检测 16

3.1不同老化程度橡胶垫板的制备 16

3.2小球下落试验 17

3.3 橡胶垫板刚度测试 21

3.3.1刚度测试方案 21

3.3.2刚度测试结果及分析 21

3.4小结 25

第四章 结论与展望 26

4.1结论 26

4.2展望 26

参考文献 27

致谢 29

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