论文总字数:19663字
摘 要
超声波的频率很大,已超如人类的耳朵听觉范围,它的频率大于20000Hz,但是超声波不属于电磁波,它仍然是由机械振动产生。超声波在介以传播的物质中传递时不会向环境四周分散,可以以完整的一束波来传送,这也代表着超声波可以朝着一个固定的方向传输并且不会扩散。由于超声波的这些种种特点,其在测距系统中可以发挥巨大的作用。进入二十一世纪以来,随着电子技术的不断突破,超声波传感器技术得到巨大发展,在生活中的应用也越来越广泛。
在本设计中主要介绍了hc-sr04超声波模块的原理和特点,以及Ti公司的MSP430F149单片机的性能和特点,以及12864显示屏的原理和特点,并在超声波测距系统中指出了关于测距系统的主要思路和所需实际综合考虑的种种问题,本课题主要讲述了以MSP430F149单片机为核心的多点超声波测距仪,其优点具有价格低、精确度高、体积小、可以液晶显示。本课题多点超声波测距系统的电路设计合理,工作情况稳定,功耗低,速度灵敏,容易测量,可以调节测距范围,并且在测量的精确度方面也能达到生活中实用的要求。
关键词:MSP430f149,超声波,测距,12864显示屏
Design of Multi-point Ultrasonic Distance Measuring System Based on MSP430
Abstract
The frequency of the ultrasonic wave is very large, and it is beyond the hearing range of the human ear. Its frequency is greater than 20,000 Hz, but the ultrasonic wave is not an electromagnetic wave, and it is still generated by mechanical vibration. Ultrasonic waves are not dispersed around the environment when they are transmitted through the propagating material, and can be transmitted as a complete beam, which also means that the ultrasound can be transmitted in a fixed direction and does not spread. Due to these various characteristics of ultrasound, it can play a huge role in the ranging system. Since the beginning of the 21st century, with the continuous breakthrough of electronic technology, ultrasonic sensor technology has been greatly developed, and its application in life has become more and more extensive.
In this design, the principle and characteristics of hc-sr04 ultrasonic module and the performance and characteristics of Ti"s MSP430F149 MCU are introduced, as well as the principle and characteristics of 12864 display screen, and the ranging system is pointed out in the ultrasonic ranging system. The main ideas and various practical considerations of various problems, this topic mainly describes the MSP430F149 single-chip as the core of the multi-point ultrasonic range finder, its advantages are low price, high precision, small size, liquid crystal display. The multi-point ultrasonic ranging system has reasonable circuit design, stable working condition, low power consumption, sensitive speed, easy measurement, adjustable ranging range, and practical requirements in life in terms of measurement accuracy.
Keywords: MSP430f149, Ultrasonic, Ranging, 12864 display
目 录
第一章 引 言 1
1.1 课题的背景和意义 1
1.2 超声波研究状况 2
1.2 本文的论文结构安排 3
第二章 系统总体方案设计 4
2.1 总体方案选型 4
2.2 模块电路选型 4
2.2.1 单片机模块的选型 4
2.2.2 测距方案的选型 5
2.2.3 报警方案的选型 7
2.2.4 显示方案的选型 7
2.3 模块的搭建 10
第三章 硬件电路详细设计 11
3.1 单片机最小电路 11
3.1.1 电源电路 11
3.1.2 复位电路 11
3.1.3 单片机模块电路 12
3.2 超声测距电路设计 12
3.3 人机接口电路设计 13
3.3.1 LCD显示电路设计 13
3.3.2 按键电路设计 14
3.3.3 报警输出电路设计 14
第四章 软件详细设计 16
4.1 系统软件总体设计思路 16
4.1.1 单片机程序开发环境 16
4.1.2 编程语言 16
4.1.2 系统软件总体设计思路图 17
4.2 超声测距程序设计 18
4.3 LCD显示程序设计 20
4.4 按键输入与报警输出程序设计 21
4.4.1 按键输入程序设计 21
4.4.2 报警输出程序设计 21
第五章 硬件焊接与系统调试 23
5.1 万用板的焊接 23
5.2 多点超声波测距系统的程序调试与其硬件的测试 23
5.2.1 多点超声波测距仪的程序测试 23
5.2.2测距系统的硬件测试 24
5.3 测量结果 24
5.4 课题中出现的问题 25
5.5 总结与展望 25
致 谢 27
参考文献(References) 28
附 录 29
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