论文总字数：15017字

摘 要

众所周知，在工厂燃烧过程中会产生大量烟气，烟气里主要含有CO2、SO2、CO和水蒸汽、固态颗粒物等成分，锅炉燃烧产生的气体若不进行处理而直接排放到空气中会产生巨大的污染，同时也会产生地球温室效应，造成全球气温不断升高，现在的全球平均温度正在逐年升高，这已经在逐渐对人类的生存造成威胁。尤其是一些工业锅炉还大多集中在城市的郊区，属于低空排放，这些气体会随着风向飘到市区。这会对人们的身体健康、人们的生活环境、生态环境造成极大的危害。虽然，这是工业化所必须进行的过程，但是，我们可以通过对烟气的检测和处理以实现保护环境，这对保证锅炉高效率运行、节约能源，保护环境都具有十分重要的意义。

近期，国家关于环境保护的“十三五”的规划的基本思路已经出台了，该思路提出了截止到2020年和2030年的两个阶段性的目标。目标是：一、截止到2020年，空气质量达到总体改善，空气中的主要污染物排放总量要显著减少，而且现在也已经出台了具体的标准，我们将会依据这个标准执行。其中，现阶段的那些PM2.5超标但不达到30%的城市将会首先实现PM2.5的要求的达标。二、截止到2030年，全国所有城市环境空气质量都要达到设置的标准。

随着科学技术的发展，对空气中的气体的检测方法有了巨大的进步。对于空气中的颗粒物，我们现在主要采用以适合测量低浓度的散射法，而对于空气中的气态污染物，我们现在主要采用线状光谱技术和全谱分析技术，测量范围也逐渐追求低浓度，精密度和准确度也是人们追求的目标，我们所应用的气体分析仪就是运用这一原理。我们通过对烟气成分的分析，对进气等有关的环节进行控制，来改善燃烧过程。

在本论文中，将基于气体分析仪、传感器、单片机等，综合设计出一套用于烟气测控的系统。在硬件方面，将利用气体分析仪产生的百分比的数字信号，并通过设计电路，单片机发出控制信号给继电器控制一个高温和低温的阀门，从而实现对烟道气体分离的目的。

关键词：烟气，传感器，气体分析仪，继电器，C8051F005，SoC

Abstract

It is well known in the plant combustion process will produce a lot of smoke, smoke was mainly containing CO2, SO2, CO and water vapor, solid particles and other components, gas boiler combustion if processed directly emitted into the air will have a huge pollution, which also caused the Earth"s greenhouse effect, causing global temperatures continue to rise, the current global mean temperature is rising year by year, which has gradually threatening the survival of mankind. In particular, some industrial boilers still mostly concentrated in the outskirts of the city, belongs to the low-level emissions of these gases will be migrating to the urban areas with the wind. Which affect people"s health health and people"s living environment and ecological environment caused great harm. Although, it is a process of industrialization must be done, but we can through the smoke detection and processing to achieve the protection of the environment, which guarantee high efficiency boiler operation, saving energy and protecting the environment are of great significance.

Recently, the state"s basic ideas about "Thirteen Five" plan for environmental protection has been introduced, the idea put forward by 2020 and 2030 two stage goal. The objectives are: First, by 2020, the overall improvement in air quality, emissions of major pollutants in the air to be significantly reduced, and it now has issued a specific standard, we will be executed in accordance with this standard. Among them, those PM2.5 exceeded at this stage, but does not reach 30% of the city will be the first to achieve compliance PM2.5 requirements. Second, as of 2030, all the country"s urban ambient air quality must meet the standards set.

With the development of science and technology, the method of detecting the gas in the air has been great progress. For particulate matter in the air, we are now mainly used to fit the measured low concentrations scattering method, and for the gaseous pollutants in the air, we are now used mainly linear spectrum technology and a full spectrum analysis technique, the measurement range is gradually pursuit of low concentration, precision and accuracy is one goal, we applied the gas analyzer is the use of this principle. We are through the flue gas composition analysis of the relevant aspects of the intake control, etc., to improve the combustion process.

In this paper, based gas analyzers, sensors, microcontrollers and other integrated systems designed for a flue gas measurement and control. On the hardware side, the percentage of the use of gas analysis instrument digital signal generated by the circuit design, MCU sends a control signal to control a relay valve high and low temperatures in order to achieve the purpose of flue gas separation.

Keywords: smoke, sensors, gas analyzers, relays, single-chip, integrated circuit design

目录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

目录 III

第一章 绪 论 1

1·1引言 1

1·2项目背景 1

1·3论文主要研究工作 2

1·4论文的组织结构 2

1·5设计目标 3

第二章 烟气测控系统原理 4

2·1原理综述 4

2·2系统流程图 4

第三章 系统设计及器件选择 5

3·1总体框架 5

3·2系统类型的选取 5

3·3微处理器的选取 5

3·4 SoC技术优势 10

3·5 LCD屏幕选择 10

3·6 数据存储器选择 11

3·7 气体分析仪选择 11

第四章 硬件电路设计 12

4·1 主板设计 12

4·1·1 主芯片电路 12

4·1·2 信号转换电路 12

4·1·3 键盘 14

4·1·4 电源部分 15

4·1·5 液晶屏 15

4·2 数字信号接口电路 15

4·2·1 继电器 15

4·3 RS-232接口电路 17

4·4 总电路图 17

第五章 总结 19

致谢 20

参考文献 21

绪 论

1·1引言

由于全球不断发展的全球化和工业化，人类开始肆无忌惮的开发自然资源和发展工业，人们赖以生存的生活环境正遭受着严峻的挑战。与此同时，我们经济发展的效率是非常低下的，资源总有用完的一天，我们不可能一直走资源获取的道路。正是这些原因，我们所研究的课题主要就是关于大气污染，而大气污染物的最主要来源是企业工厂所排放的工业废气，这些工业废气中是含有很多有害物质的，如果直接排放到空气中会对空气质量造成不可挽回的影响。

我们每个人都是生活在地球这个大家园中，我们必须依靠吸收空气中的氧气才能存活。试想一下，如果我们的空气中含有很多的污染物，这就势必会造成很多疾病的发生，所以大气污染对人体的健康与否起到了重要的作用。

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