论文总字数:31620字
摘 要
无线传感网络中传感器节点一般采用电池供电,能量很有限,因此如何延长节点的生命周期成为了无线传感中的重要课题。在数据传输的过程中,如果数据帧的帧长过长,那么将使得数据传输误码率的增加,以至于成功接收数据帧的概率下降,数据重传次数增加,节点能耗随之增加;如果数据帧的帧长过短,将会降低信道的利用效率,使得通信开销增加,同样会使得能耗增加。因此本文的研究核心就是寻找实时信道状况下的最优帧长,平衡上述矛盾,从而提升能量有效性。
本文通过研究数据传输过程中的最优帧长来提高能量有效性,从而减少节点在数据传输时产生的能耗。具体研究内容分为以下三个部分:
首先,本文建立了新型的高可靠性MAC协议(W-MAC协议)。对高可靠性W-MAC协议建立了对应的能耗模型,通过数学模型反映在W-MAC协议上数据收发的能耗。这一协议的建立使得对接收到的数据的误码率估计更加准确。
然后,结合了估错码算法并对估错码算法做出了改进,提出了对应于W-MAC协议的帧长度自适应算法。通过估错码算法在发送端估计出数据传输的误码率,利用误码率反映实时信道状况,再结合W-MAC协议的能耗模型,考虑误比特率造成的丢包的情况下计算出当前信道状况的最优帧长。
最后,对建立的能耗模型以及最优帧长算法进行了仿真。对算法仿真时,采用了CC2430的相关数据计算模型中对应的参数,从而对模型进行计算仿真,得到了最优帧长度与误码率的变化关系以及能量消耗与帧长度变化的关系,并总结分析仿真结果。
关键词:能量有效性,高可靠性W-MAC协议,估错码,帧长度自适应算法
Algorithm Design of Frame Length Adaption based on Energy Efficiency
in Machine-to-Machine Communication
06012222 Yu Guofang
Supervised by Zhang Meng
Abstract
Owe to the node in wireless sensor networks is powered by battery, the power is very limited. Thus how to extend the lifetime of node has become a fundamental issue in wireless sensor network. In the process of data transmission, if the frame length is too long, it will increase the bit error rate(BER), leading the probability of transmitting data successfully declining. Both the number of retransmission and the energy consumption of the node will increase. On the contrary, if the frame length is too short, it will reduce the utilization efficiency of information channel and increase the communication overhead. This will cause the energy consumption increasing as well. Thus the core of this paper is to find the optimal frame length under different channel condition to balance this contradiction, so that the energy efficiency increases apparently.
This paper aims at increasing the energy efficiency through search the optimal frame length in the process of data transmission, so that reducing the energy consumption of the node. The main three sides of this paper read as follows:
Firstly, this paper builds a novel high reliability MAC protocol(W-MAC protocol). We build the mathematical model of energy consumption for W-MAC protocol, which reflects the energy consumption in the process of data transmission. Based on this protocol, we can estimate the BER more precisely.
Then, combined with the estimate error code(EEC), we propose corresponding algorithm of frame length adaption for W-MAC protocol. We use the EEC to calculate the BER, utilize the BER to reflect the condition of information channel, and combine the energy consumption model of W-MAC and the factor that bit error rate causes the packet loss to calculate the optimal frame length under real-time channel condition.
Finally, we simulate this model and implement the algorithm of frame length adaption. In the process, we utilize the parameter of CC2430 to simulate. The curve of that the optimal frame length relates to the BER and energy consumption relates to frame length are presented. And we analyze the result of simulation.
Keywords: energy efficiency, high reliability W-MAC protocol, estimate error code, algorithm of frame length adaption
目录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
目录 III
第一章 绪论 1
1.1 引言 1
1.2 数据帧长度控制算法的研究现状 2
1.3 本文的主要研究目的和研究内容 3
第二章 基础理论 4
2.1 无线传感网络中MAC层的能耗 4
2.2 无线传感网络中的收包率 4
2.2.1 误比特率造成的丢包率 5
2.2.2 CSMA-CA竞争接入信道冲突造成的丢包率 5
2.2.3网络隐藏端造成的丢包率 6
第三章 高可靠性MAC协议能耗模型的建立 7
3.1 W-MAC协议的数据收发过程 7
3.1.1 概述 7
3.1.2 协议的收发过程 8
3.2 W-MAC 协议的能耗模型 9
3.2.1 符号说明 9
3.2.2 网络节点的拓扑结构 10
3.2.3 能耗模型的建立 11
第四章 基于能量有效性的帧长度自适应算法设计 15
4.1 估错码算法 15
4.1.1 算法概述 15
4.1.2 误码率估计 15
4.1.3 算法改进 17
4.2 帧长度自适应控制算法 18
4.2.1 最优帧长计算 18
4.2.2 算法控制流程 20
4.3 算法仿真和结果评估 21
结论 24
致谢 25
参考文献(References) 26
第一章 绪论
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