40nmCMOS工艺下高速开环放大器的设计与仿真

论文总字数：37816字

摘 要

随着CMOS工艺的发展，模拟电路设计的难度逐步提高，为了设计出具有优良性能的模拟电路，需要设计者具有丰富的模拟电路的设计经验。为了降低模拟电路的设计难度，使得没有大量设计经验的设计者也可以设计出性能优良的模拟电路，模拟电路进化设计的研究具有重大意义。

本文简要介绍了有源负载差分放大器的原理以及遗传算法和基于遗传算法的多目标优化算法的基本原理和流程，并将两者结合进行深入研究。通过对有源负载差分放大器的电路进行扫描仿真，确定了电路优化参数的选择，将放大管的偏置电压与栅宽、负载管的栅长与栅宽以及尾管的偏置电压与栅宽作为待优化变量。并根据扫描仿真结果，得到优化参数与放大器性能优化目标，带宽和增益的关系。使用基于遗传算法的多目标优化算法，使用cadence仿真得到的电路优化结果代替算法本身包含的适应度函数与适应度函数值计算过程，通过Matlab代码完成算法的具体实现。通过使用遗传算法进化得到了满足设计要求的电路参数。

基于TSMC 40nm CMOS工艺完成了高速开环放大器的设计与仿真，通过优化算法设计出带宽为，增益为的开环放大器，满足设计要求，说明优化算法应用于电路优化设计中是行之有效的。

关键词：开环放大器，遗传算法，优化算法，适应度

ABSTRACT

With the development of CMOS technology, the difficulty of analog circuit design is gradually improved. In order to design an analog circuit with excellent performance, designers need to have rich experience in analog circuit design. In order to reduce the design difficulty of analog circuits, designers who do not have a lot of design experience can also design analog circuits with excellent performance. The research on the evolutionary design of analog circuits is of great significance.

This paper briefly introduces the principle of active load differential amplifier and the basic principle and flow of genetic algorithm and multi-objective optimization algorithm based on genetic algorithm, and combines the two to conduct in-depth research. By scanning and simulating the circuit of the active load differential amplifier, the selection of the circuit optimization parameters is determined. The bias voltage and gate width of the amplifier tube, the gate length and gate width of the load tube, and the bias voltage and gate width of the tail tube are determined. As a variable to be optimized. According to the simulation results, the relationship between the optimized parameters and the amplifier performance optimization target, bandwidth and gain is obtained. Using the multi-objective optimization algorithm based on genetic algorithm, the circuit optimization result obtained by cadence simulation is used to replace the fitness function and fitness function value calculation process contained in the algorithm itself, and the specific implementation of the algorithm is completed by Matlab code. The circuit parameters that meet the design requirements are obtained by using genetic algorithms.

Based on TSMC 40nm CMOS technology, the design and simulation of high-speed open-loop amplifier is completed. The open-loop amplifier with bandwidth of 618M and gain of 20.6dB is designed by optimization algorithm to meet the design requirements. It shows that the optimization algorithm could be applied in circuit optimization design.

KEY WORDS: Open-loop Amplifier, Genetic Algorithm, Optimization Algorithm, Fitness

目 录

摘要 II

ABSTRACT III

第一章 绪论 1

1.1研究背景及意义 1

1.1.1CMOS工艺的发展 1

1.1.2运算放大器 1

1.1.3遗传算法 2

1.2国内外研究现状及发展趋势 3

1.3本文的组织结构 5

第二章 放大器基本原理 6

2.1基本放大器 6

2.1.1共源放大器 6

2.1.2共漏放大器 7

2.1.3共栅放大器 8

2.2基于共源放大器的改进放大器结构 9

2.2.1有源负载共源放大器 9

2.2.2有源负载差分放大器 10

2.3本章小结 11

第三章 放大器的设计 12

3.1放大器电路设计 12

3.2差分放大器参数扫描分析 13

3.3本章小结 23

第四章 遗传算法在电路优化中的应用 24

4.1遗传算法基本原理介绍 24

4.1.1多目标优化及Pareto最优解 24

4.1.2基于遗传算法的多目标优化算法的基本概念 24

4.1.3基于遗传算法的多目标优化算法的实现 26

4.2优化算法的实现 27

4.3本章小结 32

第五章 遗传算法应用于运算放大器设计的优化结果 33

5.1仿真平台及结果 33

5.2存在问题及分析 34

5.3本章小结 35

第六章 总结与展望 36

6.1总结 36

6.2展望 36

参考文献 37

附录一 39

致 谢 45

第一章 绪论

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