卫星导航干扰源定位技术研究

论文总字数：29000字

摘 要

全球卫星导航系统经过几十年的发展，已经在各国的国防和经济建设等关键领域占据重要的位置。我国的北斗卫星导航系统作为世界上四大卫星导航系统之一，已经逐步服务于人们的日常生活之中，但是多种有意或者无意的干扰信号会严重影响北斗卫星导航的定位精度，因此，北斗卫星导航在实际应用中存在着巨大挑战。

本文在学习研究卫星导航及其干扰信号的基础上，重点研究了多种干扰源的定位技术。分析了包括音频干扰、窄带干扰、宽带干扰、线性扫频干扰和脉冲干扰等多种干扰信号的典型特征；然后，研究了MUSIC算法、ESPRIT算法、MVDR算法和ISSM算法等测向定位算法，对比了定位算法的优劣；最后，在此基础上设计了多干扰源的定位模型，使用两个及以上的干扰探测器以及计算估计得到的干扰源来波方向确定多个干扰源的几何方位。

本设计的主要工作是针对不同的干扰信号使用不同的测向算法，来确保干扰源测向的精确度。之后，再通过对各种情况的仿真结果分析，研究各算法在各种干扰类型下的适用情况，来调整改善设计方案。

关键词：卫星导航系统；干扰信号；测向算法；干扰源定位

Abstract

After decades of development, global satellite navigation system has occupied an important position in the key areas of national defense and economic construction. As one of the four major satellite navigation systems in the world, Beidou Satellite Navigation System in China has gradually served people's daily life. However, a variety of intentional or unintentional interference signals will seriously affect the positioning accuracy of Beidou Satellite Navigation. Therefore, there are great challenges in the practical application of Beidou Satellite Navigation.

Based on the study of satellite navigation and its jamming signals, this paper focuses on the positioning technology of various jamming sources. Typical characteristics of interference signals including audio interference, narrowband interference, broadband interference, linear sweep interference and pulse interference are analyzed. Then, direction finding and localization algorithms such as MUSIC algorithm, ESPRIT algorithm, MVDR algorithm and ISSM algorithm are studied, and the advantages and disadvantages of localization algorithms are compared. Finally, multi-trunk algorithm is designed on this basis. The location model of the disturbance source uses two or more disturbance detectors and the estimated direction of the disturbance source to determine the geometric orientation of multiple disturbance sources.

The main work of this design is to use different direction finding algorithms for different interference signals to ensure the accuracy of direction finding of interference sources. Then, through the analysis of simulation results in various situations, the application of each algorithm in various types of interference is studied to adjust and improve the design scheme.

Key words：Satellite navigation system；Interference signal；Direction finding algorithm；Interference location

目 录

独创性声明---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I

摘要-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------II

Abstract-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------III

1. 绪论--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1

1.1 引言------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1

1.2 干扰源定位技术---------------------------------------------------------------------------------2

1.3 卫星导航系统------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2

1.3.1 美国全球定位系统-------------------------------------------------------------------------3

1.3.2 俄罗斯格洛纳斯卫星导航系统----------------------------------------------------------3

1.3.3 欧洲伽利略卫星导航系统----------------------------------------------------------------4

1.3.4 中国北斗卫星导航系统-------------------------------------------------------------------4

1.4 论文结构安排------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5

1. 干扰信号与定位算法-----------------------------------------------------------------------------6

2.1 概述------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6

2.2 干扰信号------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6

2.3 无意干扰------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6

2.4 有意干扰------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7

2.4.1 欺骗干扰-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7

2.4.2 压制式干扰----------------------------------------------------------------------------------7

2.5 常用定位测向算法------------------------------------------------------------------------------8

2.6 单脉冲测向技术---------------------------------------------------------------------------------9

2.6.1 幅度和差法----------------------------------------------------------------------------------9

2.6.2 相位和差法---------------------------------------------------------------------------------10

2.7 空间谱估计--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11

2.7.1 MUSIC算法-------------------------------------------------------------------------------11

2.7.2 ESPRIT算法-------------------------------------------------------------------------------11

2.7.3 MVDR波束形成算法--------------------------------------------------------------------12

2.7.4 ISSM算法----------------------------------------------------------------------------------13

2.8 各算法总结--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------14

1. 北斗信号干扰源定位----------------------------------------------------------------------------16

3.1 研究方案-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------16

3.2 多干扰源定位模型-----------------------------------------------------------------------------16

3.3 测向定位算法-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------17

3.3.1 非相干的窄带干扰-----------------------------------------------------------------------17

3.3.2 相干窄带干扰------------------------------------------------------------------------------19

3.3.3 宽带干扰------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19

3.4 干扰信号测向仿真分析-----------------------------------------------------------------------20

3.4.1 MUSIC算法仿真--------------------------------------------------------------------------20

3.4.2 MVDR算法仿真--------------------------------------------------------------------------22

3.4.3 ISSM算法仿真----------------------------------------------------------------------------23

3.5 分析与调整--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------24

1. 结论-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------25

4.1 研究过程与结果总结--------------------------------------------------------------------------25

4.2 个人总结-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------25

4.3 展望-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------26

参考文献------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------27

致谢------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------28

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