双频端射天线设计

论文总字数：21508字

摘 要

天线，众所周知，是通信电路里接收及传送信号重要部分和主要元器件。1886年，德国卡尔斯鲁厄工学院的赫兹构建了全球首个天线体系，站在现在的角度来说，其将谐振方环天线作为接收天线，利用终端加载的偶极子天线作为发送天线，是一套完整的米波波长的无线电体系。现阶段，由于通信行业的发展，各种各样的天线出现在各个领域，由于微带贴片天线尺寸小，制作简单的特点，在个人通信等领域得到了极其广泛的应用，而微带天线作为一款应用广泛的天线，被应用到我们生活的各个方面。它具有很多优点，比如体积小，易于集成，重量轻，并且相对来说，制造成本很低，这样有利于批量生产。

在雷达探测系统中，要求接收与发射信号的天线阵列具备良好的空气动力学特性的同时，还要更好的与载体共形。端射天线以其独特的方向图特性解决了雷达“盲区”问题。和其他天线相比，端射天线增益高、定向性好。无论是在民用还是在军用设备上，端射天线成为天线领域的一个研究热点。

本文中，我们利用HFSS软件进行仿真，采用微带双偶极子天线结构，在此基础上设计出一款工作于2.4GHz与5.8Ghz的双频端射天线，同时，对天线的各个参数的优化仿真，让天线达到我们所需要的各个性能指标。

我们首先介绍了微带天线的一些基本原理，包括天线的基本参量，天线效率、天线辐射特性以及天线增益，功率密度、输入阻抗等等。然后在HFSS15.0中仿真出一个能工作在2.4GHz与5.8GHz频率的端射天线，并分析其性能。

关键词：双频端射天线，HFSS，极化

Abstract

Antenna, the known total are critical components in the circuit, and a communication component for transmitting signals and receiving signals. The world's first Professor Hertz antenna system is composed of Germany's Karlsruhe Institute of Technology established in 1886, its view of the antenna system today is the time to build a complete system VHF radio wavelengths, the system the transmitting antenna is a dipole antenna terminal loaded receiving antenna is resonant square loop antenna. Nowadays, with the development of the communications industry, a variety of antennas in various fields, due to the small size of microstrip patch antenna, making simple characteristics, personal communications and other fields has been an extremely wide range of applications, and microstrip antenna as a widely used antennas, to be applied to every aspect of our lives. It has many advantages, such as small size, ease of integration, light weight, and relatively speaking, the production cost is very low, it is a good production.

In radar probing systems, a signal receiving and transmitting antenna array was required not only good aerodynamic characteristics, but also better conformal .with its unique pattern, end-fire antenna solve the radar “blind spot” problem. Compared to other antennas, the end-fire antenna with high gain and directional plays an important role in radar receiving and transmitting system. The end-fire antenna become a hotspot in the filed of antenna in civilian and military.

In this paper, we use the HFSS software to simulate and use the H-shaped antenna structure. Based on this, we design a dual-band endfire antenna operating at 2.4GHz and 5.8Ghz. At the same time, we optimize the simulation of various parameters of the antenna. The antenna reaches all the performance indicators we need.

  We first introduced some basic principles of the microstrip antenna, including the basic parameters of the antenna, antenna efficiency, antenna radiation characteristics and antenna gain, power density, input impedance, and so on. Then an end-fire antenna capable of operating at 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz was simulated in HFSS 15.0 and its performance was analyzed.

Keywords: Dual-frequency endfire antenna, HFSS, Vertical polarization

目录

摘要

ABSTRACT

第一章 绪论 1

1.1研究背景 1

1.2国内外在该领域的研究进展 2

1.3本文主要工作 3

第二章 天线基本理论 4

2.1天线基本参量 4

2.2波瓣图 4

2.3波束范围或波束立体角 6

2.4辐射功率密度 7

2.5辐射强度 8

2.6方向性D 8

2.7天线效率 9

2.8天线增益 11

2.9极化 11

2.10输入阻抗 12

第三章 双频端射天线概述 14

3.1双频端射天线介绍 14

3.2双频天线波瓣公式 14

3.3双频端射天线的波瓣扫描 16

3.3.1双频端射天线波瓣的实虚空间 16

3.3.2天线的主瓣和副瓣 17

3.4双频端射天线的方向性系数 18

第四章 双频端射天线的仿真与分析

4.1 HFSS高频仿真软件介绍

4.2仿真步骤流图 23

4.3模型建立 24

4.3.1天线材料 24

4.3.2天线形状

4.3.3天线各部位说明和规格 25

4.4仿真结果及各个结果的分析 28

4.4.1工作频率结果 28

4.4.2天线增益 29

4.4.3天线的极化情况 31

4.4.4输入阻抗 32

4.4.5天线效率

4.5本章小结 35

第五章 总结与展望 36

5.1双频端射天线设计总结

5.2双频端射天线的展望

致谢 37

参考文献 38

第一章 绪论

1.1 研究背景

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