论文总字数:19340字
摘 要
随着科学技术的发展以及人们生活的需要,核磁共振成像系统所绘制的图像越来越需要具有高分辨率和高清晰的特点,同时核磁共振成像系统功能多样化以及快速扫描图像也是现如今的趋势,这样就对核磁共振成像信号检测装置的前级——低噪声放大器提出了更高的要求。由于低噪声放大器的位置特殊,可以说是对核磁共振信号做出第一级的处理,对后续系统产生了重要的影响,因此各项要求也较为严格。本课题以此为背景,将设计一个满足性能指标要求的低噪声放大器,并做出实物。
本文首先介绍了课题的相关背景与低噪声放大器的一些基本理论知识。然后详细的描述了使用ADS软件设计一个400MHz频段低噪声放大器的过程。最终设计的单级放大器工作在2V@15mA的直流工作点下,增益在19dB左右,增益平坦度为1dB,噪声系数最佳为0.145dB,输入输出驻波比在带内均小于2。基本达到预期的指标。
关键词:核磁共振 低噪声放大器 ADS
The Design of LNA in magnetic resonance spectrometer
Abstract
With the development of technology and the needs of people's lives, the image of MRI system is becoming more and more necessary with high resolution and high definition. At the same time, it is also the trend of the magnetic resonance imaging system and the fast scanning image. In this way, a higher requirement is put forward for the first stage of MRI signal detector-LNA. Due to the special location of the low noise amplifier, it can be said that the nuclear magnetic resonance signal to make the first level of processing, the subsequent system has an important impact, so the requirements are more stringent. Based on this background, we will design a low noise amplifier which meets the requirements of performance requirements.
This paper firstly introduces the background of the subject and some basic theoretical knowledge of the low noise amplifier. Then the process of designing a 400MHz band low noise amplifier using ADS software is described in detail. Single stage amplifier works on a DC operating point of 2V@15mA. After cascade, the gain is about 19dB and flatness is about 1dB. The best noise figure is 0.145dB, input and output VSWR is less than 2. Basically achieve the expected target.
KEY WORDS: MRI LNA ADS
目 录
摘要 ……………………………………………………………………………………III
Abstract ……………………………………………………………………………III
第一章 绪论 ………………………………………………………………………1
1.1核磁共振概述 …………………………………………………………………1
1.2低噪声放大器的发展状况 ………………………………………………………………1
1.3本文的主要内容 ……………………………………………………………2
第二章 低噪声放大器理论概述 …………………………………………………………………3
2.1偏置电路 …………………………………………………………………………………3
2.2 S参数 …………………………………………………………………………………3
2.3史密斯圆图 ………………………………………………………………………4
2.4匹配电路设计 ………………………………………………………………………5
第三章 低噪声放大器的基本指标 ………………………………………………………………7
3.1工作频带 ………………………………………………………………………………………7
3.2带宽 ……………………………………………………………………………………………7
3.3增益和增益平坦度 ……………………………………………………………………………7
3.4稳定性 ………………………………………………………………………………………8
3.5噪声系数 ………………………………………………………………………………………8
3.6驻波比与反射损耗 ……………………………………………………………………………9
第四章 400MHz低噪声放大器的设计与仿真 ………………………………………………11
4.1技术指标 ………………………………………………………………………………………11
4.2晶体管的选择和偏置电路设计 ………………………………………………………………11
4.3稳定性设计 ……………………………………………………………………………………13
4.4输入输出匹配设计 ……………………………………………………………………………14
4.5仿真分析 ……………………………………………………………………………………17
4.6本章小结 ……………………………………………………………………………………19
第五章 400MHz低噪声放大器的制板与测试 ……………………………………………………20
5.1版图绘制 ……………………………………………………………………………20
5.2低噪声放大器实物 …………………………………………………………………………21
5.3直流工作点测试 ………………………………………………………………………………22
5.4 S参数测试 ………………………………………………………………………………22
第六章 总结 ……………………………………………………………………………………24
致谢 …………………………………………………………………………………………………25
参考文献 ……………………………………………………………………………………………26
第一章 绪论
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