东亚地区气溶胶消光系数分布特征

论文总字数：13933字

目 录

摘要 1

Abstract 2

一、 引言 3

二、 资料和方法 4

2.1 研究站点介绍 4

2.2资料来源 5

三、 结论 5

3.1气溶胶消光系数年变化 5

3.11硫酸盐 5

3.12沙尘 7

3.2气溶胶消光系数季节变化 9

3.21硫酸盐 9

3.22沙尘 11

3.3特殊天气下气溶胶消光系数 13

四、 总结 15

参考文献 15

东亚地区气溶胶消光系数分布特征

吕欢

，China

Abstract：Using SPRINTARS model data with a span of 15 years, 4 stations are selected to represent East Asia, inclouding Beijing, Gosan, Fukuejima and Hedo. The annual variation trend and seasonal distribution characteristics of sulfate aerosol and dust aerosol in the troposphere 500hPa, 700hPa and 900hpa are studied. Taking the haze weather in Beijing in 2013 as an example, the variation characteristics of extinction coefficient under special weather conditions are analyzed. The study found that aerosol mainly concentrated in the low atmospheric layer in East Asian. During the 15 years, The extinction coefficient of sulfate aerosol has an upward trend while the extinction coefficient of dust aerosol has a decreasing trend. The extinction coefficients of those aerosols in Beijing were the largest, Gosan and Fukuejima are smaller, the extinction coefficients of those aerosols in Hedo is the smallest. The seasonal distribution of aerosol extinction coefficient is closely related to the climatic characteristics and geographical environment of each station. In Beijing, the extinction coefficient of sulfate aerosol is the largest in summer and lowest in winter. In Gosan and Fukuejima, the extinction coefficient of sulfate aerosol in summer and winter is greater than that in the spring and autumn. In contrast to Beijing, Hedo has the largest extinction coefficient in winter and the smallest in spring. The extinction coefficient of dust aerosol has obvious seasonal variation characteristics, mainly concentrated in spring and lowest in winter. In addition, the aerosol extinction coefficient is closely related to the weather situation. In the environment with relatively stable stratification, large humidity and low wind speed, the diffusion of the atmosphere is falling. Then, pollutants accumulate, aerosol extinction coefficient will suddenly increase and atmospheric visibility will decrease.

Key Words: sulfate, dust, the extinction coefficient, East Asia

1. 引言

大气气溶胶是指悬浮在气体中的固体和液体微粒与气体载体组成的多相体系，一般而言粒子空气动力学直径在0.001~100um之间，由气溶胶颗粒类型分可分为6类气溶胶，即沙尘、黑碳和有机物、硫酸盐、硝酸盐、铵盐以及海盐[^[1]]。气溶胶粒子的浓度分布与气溶胶颗粒类型以及地域特征密切相关，地理位置、地形、人类活动以及气象条件都影响着气溶胶粒子的浓度分布。大气气溶胶可以吸收和散射太阳辐射，对大气能见度影响显著，当大气处于逆温状态时，它有可能使大量有害物质悬浮于空中，形成严重的大气污染事件[^[2]]，而气溶胶消光系数的分布情况可以较好的反映区域范围内气溶胶含量变化[^[3]]。

近年来，国外对亚洲地区气溶胶分布特征做了一系列的研究，Schmid 等[^[4]](2003) 和Kahn[^[5]] 等(2004) 结合多种的观测仪器，研究了亚洲地区气溶胶垂直分布特征以及亚洲地区的污染和沙尘粒子特性；JamesR.Campbell[^[6]]等(2012) 利用CALIPSO对东南亚地区陆地和海洋上空2007-2009 年气溶胶消光系数进行了研究，发现东南亚海洋上空的气溶胶粒子主要分布在海拔1.5千米以下，陆地上空气溶胶粒子则主要分布在海拔3千米以下。

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