局地小环境对观测数据影响评估

论文总字数：18675字

目 录

1. 引言1
2. 设备环境对比1
   1. 观测站环境对比1
   2. 设备简介2
3. 资料选取2
4. 资料处理3
5. 气象要素对比分析3
   1. 月平均日变化特征3
      1. 风速3
      2. 气温7
      3. 气压11
   2. 季度平均日变化特征13
      1. 风速13
      2. 气温14
      3. 气压16
6. 结论17

参考文献17

致谢19

局地小环境对观测数据影响评估

姜欢

，China

Abstract：This article mainly carries on the statistical analysis to the hourly meteorological observation data from November 2016 to October 2017 in the observation field of Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, two different underlying surface sites of grassland and farmland stations were selected for comparison, the main meteorological elements of the study are temperature, wind speed and air pressure, and the data of temperature and wind speed are two different heights, 2m and 10m,respectively. The study not only analyzed the monthly average daily variation of meteorological elements, but also divided into four quarters: spring, summer, autumn and winter. Research shows:1) Two different underlying surfaces play a role in enhancing or mitigating the daily variation of meteorological elements, but do not affect the diurnal variation of meteorological elements.2) The monthly and quarterly average values of the meteorological elements in the two stations were different. In general, the daily change of wind speed showed that the farmland station was larger than the grassland station, and the daily temperature change was that the grassland station was higher than the farmland station, and the air pressure of the farmland station was greater than that of the grassland station.3) The difference of temperature and wind speed between the two stations is the geographical factors of different underlying surface and surrounding building environment, and the difference of air pressure is mainly caused by the position drop of the two stations.4) Compared with the temperature and wind field at 2m height, the difference of the diurnal variation between the two stations is significantly reduced at the height of 10m, indicating that the impact of the underlying surface and the surrounding environment on the observed data will be weakened after the height increases. The results obtained in this study will help to understand the changing rules of various meteorological elements, and also have some reference significance for the change characteristics of the future meteorological elements and the understanding of the influence factors of the observation data.

Key words: Different underlying surfaces; Meteorological elements; Comparative analysis

1. 引言

随着社会发展，人们对生态环境、居住环境的意识不断在提高，不同的环境下，气象要素的特征差异性也是不同的。对于不同下垫面影响局地小气候这方面，有不少相关的研究^[1-5]，证明在环境气候的变化上，下垫面改变是重要原因。娄德军等人^[6]指明不同下垫面的各个气象要素在月平均值均存在差异，这表明不同下垫面对气象要素存在一定程度的影响，这种影响不只是日变化幅度差异，各个气象要素极值出现时间也各有不同^[7]，而朱西存等人^[8]指明了不同下垫面之间的变化差异也是存在季度变化。

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