顾及活动行为的个人时空可达性度量方法研究

 2022-07-07 22:25:15

论文总字数:34919字

摘 要

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顾及活动行为的个人时空可达性度量方法研究

摘要

在复杂的地理环境及多变的交通网络中,个人的活动行为和出行行为模拟一直是地理信息及交通规划领域的研究热点。随着通信技术的飞速发展,个人的活动及出行行为已不局限于单独行为,家庭成员或社交伙伴之间的联合行为已成为人们日常活动的重要组成部分,显著影响着交通流的时空分布。 因此,在时空可达性研究中模拟个人活动及出行行为,并考虑双人或多人联合出行的情景,在时空限制条件下提出针对个人活动及联合活动的时空可达性度量方法是针对当前社会需求亟需解决的问题。地铁作为一种大运量、高速、安全、舒适的交通模式,通常是联合活动参与者的首选交通模式。但在实际的地铁出行中,由于线路拥挤、发车频次差异或换乘等待等原因,行程时间会存在波动,因此需要考虑行程时间的不确定性来确保更高的准时参与活动的概率。

本文采用2017年1月南京地铁刷卡数据(约937万条),针对南京市中心城区各类购物场所,基于时间地理学理论,综合考虑行程时间不确定性、个人出行时间预算、最短活动时长等因素,提出一种地铁出行模式下个人及双人联合参与活动的时空可达性度量方法,深入探索地铁交通模式下出行者的风险决策行为,以实现联合出行的时空可达性分析与评价。

关键词:时空可达性度量;行程时间不确定性;联合活动;最短活动时长;个人出行时间预算

Study on the Space-time Accessibility Measurement Method Considering Individual Activity

Abstract

In the complex geographical environment and the changeable traffic network, the simulation of personal activity/travel behavior has been a hot topic in the field of geographic information and traffic planning. With the rapid development of information technology, personal activity and travel behavior is not confined to individual behavior, joint activities of the social partners or family members have become an important part of people's daily activities and significantly affect the space-time distribution of traffic flow. Therefore, in the study of space-time accessibility, individual activity/travel behaviors were simulated, and the situations of two or more people traveling together should also be considered. Under the limitation of time and space, developing the measurement method of space-time accessibility for individual activities and joint activities is a problem that needs to be solved urgently. As a large volume, high speed, safe and comfortable mode of transportation, the subway is usually the preferred mode of transportation for joint participants. But in the actual subway travel, because of huddle, different frequency of departure, or transfer waiting and so on, travel time is volatile, it is necessary to consider travel time uncertainty to ensure higher probability of participating in activities on time.

By Nanjing subway card data(about 9.37 million) of January 2017 and all kinds of shopping places in Nanjing city center, based on time geography theory, considering travel time uncertainty, personal travel time budget, the minimum activity duration and other factors comprehensively, the paper proposes a measurement method of space-time accessibility under the mode of subway of individual and two people joint participation, exploring risk decision-making behavior in the subway traffic mode, in order to realize the analysis and evaluation of joint travel space-time accessibility.

Key words:Space-time accessibility measurement; Uncertainty of travel time; Joint activities; Shortest activity duration; Personal travel time budget.

目 录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 研究背景及意义 1

1.2 相关理论研究进展 1

1.2.1 国外研究现状 1

1.2.2 国内研究现状 2

1.2.3 已有研究成果小结 3

1.3 研究目的与研究内容 3

1.4 关键问题与技术路线 3

1.5 论文的组织结构 5

第二章 研究区域与数据描述 6

2.1 研究区域概述 6

2.2 南京地铁概述 6

2.2.1 南京市地铁系统 6

2.2.2 IC卡数据描述 7

2.2.3 地铁站点OD间行程时间分布特征 8

2.3 研究数据描述 8

2.4 本章小结 9

第三章 数学模型 10

3.1 考虑行程时间不确定性的联合时空可达范围模型 10

3.2 基于正态分布的行程时间预算模型 11

3.3 联合时空可达性计算模型 13

3.4 本章小结 14

第四章 研究案例与分析 14

4.1 研究案例 14

4.1.1 数据处理 14

4.1.2 距离衰减系数的确定 14

4.1.3 时空可达性计算与制图 16

4.2 个人在不同可靠度下的时空可达范围 16

4.3 考虑联合出行的时空可达性 18

4.4 考虑行程时间不确定的联合时空可达性计算工具的开发 20

4.5 本章小结 22

第五章 结论与讨论 22

5.1 考虑联合出行对时空可达性影响情况评价 22

5.2 行程时间不确定性对联合出行活动时空可达性的影响 22

第六章 总结与展望 23

6.1 总结 23

6.2 展望 23

致 谢 25

参考文献(References) 26

附 录 29

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