论文总字数：17642字

目 录

摘要 1

Abstract 2

1 引言 3

2 材料与方法 4

2.1 试验方法 4

2.2 观测仪器 5

2.3 数据预处理 5

2.4 “自上而下”的大气方法 6

3 结果与分析 6

3.1 南京市大气CH4和CO2浓度关系 6

3.2 南京市大气CH4：CO2浓度比的周变化 7

3.3 南京市大气CH4：CO2浓度比的日变化 9

3.3.1 WJ、CK、SN观测点大气CH4:CO2浓度比的日变化对比……………. 10

3.3.2 WJ、HT、YQ观测点大气CH4:CO2浓度比的日变化对比……………..11

3.4 南京市大气CH₄：CO₂浓度比的空间变化 12

4 结论 13

参考文献 14

致谢 17

南京大气CH4：CO2浓度比时空变化特征分析

何杭骏

, China

Abstract:Urbanization process brought about by a large number of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions seriously affect the healthy and rapid development of the city, the urgent need for quantitative analysis and research. In addition, the methane, chlorofluorocarbons, carbon monoxide and ozone in the atmosphere are also the greenhouse gases with greenhouse effect. Therefore, this paper studies the atmospheric CH₄: CO₂ concentration in Nanjing. In this paper, from October 7, 2014 to October 16, 2014, the PicarroG1301 analyzer in Nanjing, five observation points on the atmospheric CO₂ and CH₄ concentration of continuous observation, the CH₄ and CO₂ to establish a relationship between, so The results show that there are positive correlations between CH₄ and CO₂ concentration in Nanjing, and there are some differences in CH₄ / CO₂ at different observation points. The slope of the east side of the observation period is about the west side And the slope of the south side is about twice that of the north side. CH₄: CO₂ concentration ratio is higher than that of rest day, working day CH₄ (2.14ppm) and CO₂ (419.7ppm) concentration than the rest day CH₄ (2.07ppm) and CO₂ (416.81ppm) high concentration, atmospheric CH₄: CO₂ There was a negative correlation between the concentration ratio and the mean temperature. Wind direction wind speed and concentration ratio also have a certain relationship, wind speed below 2m / s when the concentration ratio of the degree of change is higher than its higher than 2m / s. The diurnal variation of the diurnal variation is similar to that of the diurnal variation image, and the effect of the morning and evening traffic peak is "double peak" curve, while the daytime daytime concentration is higher than the peak value of the night, On the 12th day, the diurnal variation of the two observation points was similar, but the diurnal changes in the two days were significant, but the diurnal changes in the two observation points on the east and the north were consistent, showing a "hyperbolic curve". The spatial difference of atmospheric CH₄: CO₂ concentration in Nanjing is mainly affected by wind speed, traffic intensity, plant and microbial activities and nearby lakes. Therefore, in order to eliminate the effects of plant anthropogenic non-human factors, if we study anthropogenic emissions The effect on the CH₄: CO₂ concentration ratio is observed in the winter.

Key words: CH₄ flux; CO₂ flux; The concentration ratio

1 引言

温室气体指存在于大气中，任何会吸收和释放红外线辐射的气体。京都议定书中规定控制的6种温室气体为：二氧化碳(CO₂)、甲烷(CH₄)、氧化亚氮(N₂O)、氢氟碳化合物(HFCs) 、全氟碳化合物(PFCs)、六氟化硫(SF6)。已有的监测试验和研究都表明，工业化革命改变了大气中这些温室气体的浓度，让它们有了明显的变化^[1-3]。温室气体的增加造成全球气候变暖，给中国和世界带来了各方面的影响^[4-5]。

CO₂、CH₄是和人类活动密切相关的两种主要温室气体。二氧化碳（CO₂）是温室气体中最为常见的一种，从工业革命开始至今，CO₂浓度增加了31％，由CO₂引起的温室效应增加占目前温室效应增加的三分之二^[23]。化石燃料使用对CO₂排放的贡献占人类活动总排放量的70～90％。化石燃料的使用与交通、工业生产、取暖、制冷，发电以及其他诸多方面相关。其他的CO₂来自土地利用活动，如畜牧业，农业，森林空地和森林退化等。燃烧化石燃料获取能源的过程中，人类每年向大气排放可达220亿吨CO₂。而森林砍伐、森林退化和农业用地的管理不善也增加了CO₂的排放，每年的排放量为20～90亿吨。部分土地利用变化所排放的CO₂，可与世界一些地区植树造林和改良的土地管理产生的效应相抵消^[24]。大约20世纪中叶开始就有对持续性的大气中CO₂浓度的直接检测，国内外对CO₂的研究方向非常广泛，主要偏向于管理利用和节能减排方面^[25]。

甲烷（CH₄）是一种全球增温潜势仅次于二氧化碳的温室气体。目前的估计表明，70％的全球甲烷来源是生物来源，来自湿地、稻田、反刍动物、垃圾填埋场、海洋和森林中的产甲烷菌。非生物来源包括化石燃料开采和燃烧、生物质燃烧、废物处理和地质来源。天然气和石油生产，工业，垃圾填埋和废物处理生产的CH₄占全球人为CH₄排放量的15％至40％^[22]。对全球大气中的CH₄浓度有代表性的系统观测从20世纪80年代开始^[26-27]。由于甲烷与稻田，湿地，反刍动物，城市生活垃圾的密切关系，国内对甲烷的研究也普遍偏向与城郊相关^[28-30]，而对城市市区甲烷排放的研究较少^[31]。在以往的对于CO2和CH4关系的研究中讨论过季节变化和正午午夜的变化对大气CH₄和CO₂浓度变化的影响，受生物信号干扰，夏季CH₄和CO₂浓度的相关性明显低于其他三个季节，正午和午夜的CH₄/CO₂值存在较大的差异，并且正午两种温室气体的相关性明显高于午夜的相关性^[41]。

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