论文总字数：17840字

目 录

摘要 1

Abstract 2

引言 3

1.材料与方法 3

1.1单因素试验设计 3

1.2测定项目与方法 4

1.2.1光合参数的测定 4

1.2.2快速荧光参数的测定 4

1.3数据处理 5

2.结果与分析 5

2.1高温下不同空气湿度对番茄叶片光合参数的影响 5

2.2高温下不同空气湿度对番茄叶片荧光参数的影响 9

3.讨论 10

4.结论 11

参考文献 11

致谢 14

高温下不同空气湿度对设施番茄光合特性的影响

沈杰

, China

Abstract：In order to study the effects of different air relative humidity levels on the photosynthetic characteristics of tomato plants under high temperature conditions, the experiment was conducted in the experimental greenhouse (Venlo type) of Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology in March to April 2018. The tomato variety “Jinfen 5” was used as a test material, set a daily maximum temperature level of 44℃(daytime temperature)/18℃(night temperature), 3 humidity levels (50%±5%, 70%±5%, 90%±5%) and 4 duration of days(3, 6, 9, 12d), and the control CK was 28 ℃(daytime temperature)/18℃(night temperature),the daytime relative humidity is 50%±5%. After being moved to the same environment of CK for continuous recovery (12d), then determined photosynthetic parameters and fluorescence parameters. The results show：When treated with different humidity at 44°C, the light compensation point (LCP) increased continuously with the increase of stress days. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn), initial quantum efficiency (AQE), and maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pmax) were increased, light saturation point (LSP), and primary photochemical efficiency of PS II (Fv/Fm) continued to decrease, and the stomatal conductance (Gs), the intercellular CO₂ concentration (Ci), and water use efficiency (WUE) first decreased and then increased. The stomatal limit value (Ls) and the transpiration rate (Tr) increase first and then decrease. The energy dissipated in the unit reaction center (DIo/RC) has no obvious response to high temperature and high humidity. The study found that photosynthetic inhibition in tomato plants at the early stage (3-6d) of different humidity treatments at 44°C was caused by stomatal limitation. Late stress (9-12d) was caused by non-stomatal factors. The degree of recovery of different indicators showed that after 9 days of high temperature stress at 44°C, there was irreversible damage to the tomato plant. The study confirmed that under high temperature of 44°C, by raising the air humidity to about 70% , it can effectively alleviate the harm caused by high temperature stress to the tomato plant.

Keywords：High temperature, Air relative humidity, Greenhouse tomato, Photosynthesis, Transient chlorophyll fluorescence parameters

引言

番茄是典型的喜温性蔬菜作物^[1-2]，15~25℃是其最适宜生长温度。番茄虽是喜温作物，但不耐高温，温度达35℃时番茄植株生长缓慢，达40℃时番茄植株将停止发育^[3]。番茄对水分的要求具有半干旱的特点，因此并不需要很大的空气湿度，一般保持在50%~60%为最适宜。根据联合国粮食及农业组织（FAO）研究，全球番茄的栽培面积呈增大趋势，2005年其种植面积已有450.34×10⁴hm²，同时其产量约占了全球蔬菜种植总产量的10%^[4]。在我国，番茄是种植面积和产量最高的蔬菜作物之一^[5]，并且近年来设施番茄的种植面积仍在不断增加，到2007年，我国番茄种植面积已有84×10⁴hm^2[6]。番茄在越夏设施栽培生长季节中容易受到高温危害，甚至出现40℃以上的极端短时高温现象。同时在南方夏季温室通风性能较差，因此室内空气湿度比较高，高温高湿交互作用导致番茄产量减少、果实品质下降，从而给农民带来经济损失。

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