论文总字数：14701字

目 录

1 引言 1

2 方法 2

2.1 研究区域概况 2

2.2 研究方法 4

2.2.1 数据来源与预处理 4

2.2.2 方法 4

3 结果与讨论 5

3.1 日内变化 5

3.2 季节变化 6

3.3 年际变化 8

3.4 不同热岛定义方法对热岛强度估算的影响 10

4 结论 12

4.1 时间序列变化规律 12

4.2 不同定义的区别 13

参考文献 14

致谢 15

不同气候背景下地表城市热岛效应的对比研究

周迎

, China

Abstract：In recent years, with the rapid development of satellite technology, urban heat islands(UHIs) has made important progress. The intensity of surface UHIs has been extensively studied at both regional and large scales. However, the systematic comparative study is still lacking on the large-scale surface UHIs under different climate background conditions. In this study, the diurnal, seasonal and inter-annual cycles of surface urban heat islands intensities(SUHIIs) of five cities are examined using Aqua/Terra MODIS data from 2003 to 2015. The five cities respectively represent temperate monsoon climate, subtropical monsoon climate, temperate continental climate, high altitude climate and tropical monsoon climate, including Beijing, Shanghai, Lanzhou, Lhasa and Haikou. The paper also compares the time series of the UHIs under different definitions. The results show that there are large differences of diurnal and seasonal variations between different climate types, and the inter-annual trends are also different, depending on local climate-vegetation regimes. In the continental climate and the mountain climate zone, the UHIs in the city during the day is less than that at night, and the conclusion is opposite in the maritime monsoon climate zone. Seasonal variation range of SUHIIs at night is smaller than that during the day. During the day, the maximum of SUHIIs appears in summer and the minimum appears in winter. At night, the difference between seasons is not obvious. The inter-annual SUHIIs has small variation range. The SUHIIs defined by urban and rural areas is much greater than that of suburban areas. However, they have consistent pattern. The results of the study underscores that the climate background has a significant impact on the UHIs time dynamics.

Key words：urbanization; urban heat island; time variation; surface temperature; MOIDS

1 引言

　　城市化被广泛定义为城市土地扩张和农村向城市转移的过程，是人为改变地球系统最为明显且不可或缺的土地利用活动^[1]。2014年，世界人口约54％居住在城市地区，到2050年，这个数字预计将达到66％，超过60亿的人口将居住在城市。与此同时，全球城市面积以两倍于人口增长率的迅速扩大，如果维持当前扩张趋势不变，2030年全球城市面积将达到2000年的三倍^[1]。毫无疑问，城市化在实现人类社会可持续发展过程中将发挥不可替代的作用，但它同时也引起许多环境问题。城市热岛效应即为城市化后果最典型的代表，它是指城区温度高于周围区域温度的一种现象。城市热岛不仅可以改变局地生态环境，如植被活动、生物多样性、水与空气质量和当地气候。它还将严重影响人体健康，从而导致发病率和死亡率的上升。更严重的是，这些影响在全球气候变暖背景下将日趋严峻^[2]。因此，理解和减轻城市热岛效应得到了科学家和城市规划者的广泛关注，并成为近年来研究的热点。

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