论文总字数:16686字
目 录
摘要 3
引言 5
1研究区概况 5
1.1重庆主城区区域概况 5
1.2重庆主城区气候背景 6
2 资料与方法 6
2.1研究资料 6
2.1.1地面站点数据 6
2.1.2卫星遥感资料 6
2.2研究方法 7
2.2.1城市热岛效应季节变化 7
2.2.2城市热岛效应日变化 7
2.2.3日极值气温各季节的平均出现时间 7
2.2.4土地利用类型分类 7
2.2.5地表温度反演 7
3结果与讨论 9
3.1地面站点数据分析 9
3.2遥感数据分析 11
4结论 14
5不足与展望 15
参考文献 15
致谢 17
利用卫星遥感和气象站数据研究重庆城市热岛效应
熊翎翔
,China
Abstract:Urban heat island effect to human living environment has great adverse effects, the study of urban heat island effect is the process necessary for solving after serious impact of urbanization, in order to understand the basic features of Chongqing city heat island effect and the surface of the space-time law of thermal environment, this paper use pearls of Chongqing in 2003-2013 Shapingba and on site Hechuan the ground meteorological data and Landsat7 satellite data, combined with the central city and the surrounding land use type, the heat island intensity in Chongqing urban area, season of the year, day and space changes, Based on the local development situation, the factors affecting the heat island effect of Chongqing and the corresponding measures to reduce the local heat island are analyzed. The results show that :(1) Chongqing belongs to the weak heat island region; The seasonal variation characteristics are summer and spring, and the autumn is decreasing. The daily variation features were weak during the day, strong at night, weakest in spring and strongest in summer night. (2) the extreme value of temperature day in Chongqing is characterized by time. The maximum temperature of the day is the latest in spring and the earliest in autumn. The lowest temperature in the summer is the earliest, and winter appears the latest. (3) the spatial variation characteristics of Chongqing heat island effect are continuous in summer high temperature area, and scatter in autumn and winter. Low intensity of heat island near the Yangtze river and Jialing river; The city center is the most intense heat island. Changes in surface temperature in the suburbs are less regular.
Key words:Surface temperature;Urban Heat Island;Remote sensing
引言
城市热岛效应指的是由于大量人为热的排放、建筑物和道路等高蓄热体及绿地减少等因素,引起城区高温化,即因为城市化进程引起城市地表及大气温度显著高于周围非城市地区的一种现象。随着现代化城市的迅速发展,城市规模扩张迅速,人口数量急剧上升,城区里的自然下垫面一点一点被人们改变成人工建筑物,这些变化对生态系统的功能和过程产生了巨大的影响,并由此引起了大量环境问题。
热岛效应现象已出现并被研究了一个多世纪,英国气候学家Lake Howard[1]于1833年第一次对伦敦城市中心的温度比郊区高的现象进行文字记载,他在《伦敦的气候》一书中,把这种气候特征称为“热岛效应”。Manley[2]于1958年首次提出城市热岛Urban Heat Island(UHI)的概念。目前学者们已经完成了对世界上很多大中型城市的热岛效应的研究,发现大部分城市在夏季出现最明显的城市热岛,与Howard观测到城市热岛效应在冬季最明显,而在春季最不明显的结论出现偏差,研究发现这是因为不同城市的热岛效应的产生原因各不一样。随着遥感应用技术的出现,Rao[3]首先利用热红外遥感来研究城市热岛, 他利用ITOS-1热红外数据(10.2-12.5μm)研究美国大西洋中部沿海城市地表温度分布模式。Carlson[4]利用AVHRR热红外(10.5-12.5μm)白天和夜间的数据研究了洛杉矶地区地表温度分布模式,发现城市工业和商业区日夜温差大于植被覆盖度高的郊区。Carnahan&Larson[5]利用TM热红外数据(10.4-12.5μm)发现印第安纳波利斯城市地表温度比周围的乡村地表温度低。Owen[6]利用植被覆盖度和地表水气有效率(SMA)来研究城市化作用,并提出了考虑到了周围像元的影响并能更好的刻画城市地表的土地覆盖指数。
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