论文总字数：25183字

摘 要

网约车是共享经济在交通出行领域的创新发展，其自身带有依托互联网与大数据技术和实施撮合机制、零工经济、市场调节机制充分发挥作用等特点，所以为了给予网约车充分的发展空间，基于共享经济的特点，针对网约车市场准入，应当降低准入标准、去属地化并与“互联网 ”相结合。

2016年7月28日，《网络预约出租汽车经营服务管理暂行办法》出台，对网约车平台、车辆、驾驶员设定了准入条件，同时又将具体准入细则的制定与落实之权下放到地方政府，通过分析《暂行办法》及多地市网约车实施细则的准入条件，中央立法存在的问题主要有：1.立法层级低2.概括授权程度大3.未摆脱传统规制框架，地方立法存在的问题主要是有超越上位法、违法增设相对人义务，比如北京上海等地对驾驶员的户籍限制，就违反了《行政许可法》甚至《宪法》。

基于此，探讨网约车市场准入条件的优化重构，首先要提升立法层级，建立统一的网约车准入条件，消除当下由部门规章授权地方政府设定行政许可的法理争议；其次针对具体的平台、车辆、驾驶员的准入条件的规定，应严格遵循比例原则，做到妥当和必要；最后，在具体落实上运用“政 企”模式，发挥平台作用，充分利用互联网和大数据技术，推动网约车市场的良性发展。

关键字：网约车 市场准入条件 共享经济

ABSTRACT

Net-car is the innovative development of the sharing economy in the field of transportation, and it has the characteristics of relying on the Internet and big data technology and implementing the matching mechanism, the zero-work economy, and the market adjustment mechanism to fully play its role. Therefore, in order to give full development to the network car Space, based on the characteristics of the sharing economy, should be used to reduce access standards, delocalization and integration with "Internet ".

On July 28, 2016, the Interim Measures for the Administration of Network Appointment of Taxi Operation Services was promulgated, and the access conditions for the net-car platform, vehicles and drivers were set. At the same time, the specific access rules were formulated and implemented. Decentralized to the local government, through the analysis of the "Interim Measures" and the access conditions of the implementation rules of the city's net-car, the main problems of the central legislation are: 1. Low level of legislation 2. General degree of authorization 3. Not rid of traditional regulations the framework.The problems existing in local legislation are mainly suspected of surpassing the upper-level law and illegally adding relative personnel obligations. For example, the restrictions on household registration of drivers in places such as Beijing and Shanghai violate the Administrative Licensing Law and even the Constitution.

Based on this, to explore the optimization and reconstruction of the access conditions of the net-car market, we must first raise the level of legislation, establish a unified network access conditions, and eliminate the current legal disputes that are authorized by the local government to set administrative licenses; The specific platform, vehicle, and driver's access conditions should strictly follow the principle of proportionality, and be appropriate and necessary. Finally, the “political enterprise” model should be used in the specific implementation to play the role of the platform and make full use of the Internet and the large Data technology promotes the healthy development of the network car market.

Key words：net-car, Market access conditions, Sharing economy

目 录

摘 要 I

ABSTRACT II

一、 绪论 1

（一） 研究问题提出与研究意义 1

1.研究问题提出 1

2.研究意义 1

（二） 基本概念与理论基础 1

1. 共享经济与网约车 1

2. 网约车市场准入机制内涵 5

3. 网约车市场准入机制理论与法律基础 5

二、 网约车市场准入条件立法现状 6

（一） 顶层设计 6

1. 《暂行办法》准入条件 6

（二） 地方探索 7

1. 相对严格：北京、上海、天津 8

2. 相对宽松：广州、深圳、南京 9

3. 宽严相济：杭州、济南 9

三、 我国网约车市场准入条件存在的问题分析 9

（一） 中央立法存在的问题 9

1. 立法层级低 9

2. 概括授权程度大 10

3. 未摆脱传统规制框架 11

（二） 地方立法存在的问题 11

1. 网约车驾驶员准入的问题 11

2. 网约车车辆准入的问题 12

3. 网约车平台准入的问题 12

四、 网约车市场准入条件的优化重构 12

（一） 立法层面 12

1. 提升立法层级 12

2. 改进立法内容 13

（二） 实践层面 15

1. “政 企”模式的运用 15

2. 利用互联网和大数据技术 15

五、 结语 15

参考文献： 16

（一）中文文献 16

（二）外文文献 16

致 谢 18

绪论

研究问题提出与研究意义

1.研究问题提出

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