论文总字数：21438字

摘 要

随着我国生态文明建设不断加强，“绿色原则”加入新《民法总则》之中，关于生态环境的一系列问题也受到广泛地重视，生态环境损害赔偿制度的构建及完善，是我国推进生态文明改革的重要任务和关键环节。本文以江苏省生态环境损害赔偿制度为研究对象，通过对法律法规、政策性文件、典型案例的解读，结合学者观点，全方位、多方面地分析江苏省生态环境损害赔偿制度的现状和存在的问题。通过对比分析环境损害赔偿相关案例，作为构建和完善本省环境损害赔偿制度的主要依据是本文的创新之处，采用图表、数据分析的方式多领域研究，能够更直观地突出江苏省的特殊性。首先，本文明确了生态环境损害的相关概念，以及生态环境损害赔偿的成立要素。其次，通过对江苏省环境赔偿案例的分析研究，明确了本省赔偿制度的现状和问题。最后，将学理与实践经验相结合，分别从磋商、诉讼、资金管理、鉴定评估、执行这五个方面，立足于本省实际，提出制度完善的建议。

关键词：生态环境损害 损害赔偿 赔偿制度完善

ABSTRACT

With the continuous strengthening of the construction of ecological civilization in China, the "green principle" has been added to the new "General Principles of Civil Law", and a series of issues concerning the ecological environment have also received extensive attention. The construction and improvement of the ecological environment damage compensation system is an important task and key link in promoting the reform of ecological civilization in China. This paper takes the compensation system for ecological environmental damage in Jiangsu Province as the research object, through the interpretation of laws and regulations, policy documents, typical cases, and combined with the views of scholars, analyses the current situation and existing problems of the compensation system for ecological environmental damage in Jiangsu Province in an all-round and multi-faceted way. Through comparative analysis of relevant cases of environmental damage compensation, as the main basis for building and perfecting the system of environmental damage compensation in Jiangsu Province, the innovation of this paper is that it can highlight the particularity of Jiangsu Province more intuitively by means of multi-field research in the form of charts and data analysis. Firstly, this paper clarifies the relevant concepts of ecological environment damage and the elements of compensation for ecological environment damage. Secondly, through the case study of environmental compensation in Jiangsu Province, the current situation and problems of compensation system in Jiangsu Province are clarified. Finally, the paper combines theory with practical experience, and puts forward suggestions to improve the system from the five aspects of consultation, litigation, fund management, appraisal and implementation, based on the actual situation of the province.

Key words:  Eco-environmental damage，Compensation for damages，Improvement of Compensation System

目 录

摘 要 I

ABSTRACT II

一、生态环境损害赔偿基本概念 1

（一）生态环境损害的概念与特征 1

（二）生态环境损害赔偿的内容与构成要件 2

二、江苏省生态环境损害赔偿实证分析 3

（一）江苏省生态环境损害赔偿纠纷典型案例 3

（二）江苏省生态环境损害赔偿纠纷相关案例 4

（三）江苏省生态环境损害赔偿制度发展现状 10

（四）小结 11

三、江苏省生态环境损害赔偿制度的完善 14

（一）生态环境损害赔偿磋商制度的完善 14

（二）生态环境损害赔偿诉讼制度的完善 15

（三）生态环境损害赔偿资金管理制度的完善 15

（四）生态环境损害赔偿鉴定评估制度的完善 16

（五）生态环境损害赔偿执行制度的完善 17

四、结语 17

参考文献 18

致谢 19

一、生态环境损害赔偿基本概念

（一）生态环境损害的概念与特征

1.生态环境损害的概念

“生态环境”一词在我国《宪法》第26条中提出，但学界对“生态环境”及其相关概念的含义争论颇多，对于法律意义上的“生态环境”也没有明确定义，一般都是散见在各个单行法、法规等文件中，采用有限列举、排除适用的方式，规定其适用范围。生态环境是个笼统的说法，泛指环境要素或生态系统，当我们谈论生态环境问题时，更侧重于它的生态系统功能价值。 ^[1]

对于“生态环境损害”的概念，在2018年国务院印发的《生态环境损害赔偿制度改革方案》（以下简称《改革方案》）中以有限列举的方式规定，^[2]所谓“生物要素的不利改变”和“生态系统功能退化”，不仅仅涉及环境系统本身的损害，还囊括了与环境系统损害有关的人身、财产之损害。由此可见，“生态环境损害”是“环境损害”的子概念，对于此类事件，应总体考量环境、人身及财产权益所受的不利益，例如：造成环境、生命、身体、健康的危险，有威胁性的火灾、爆炸、水灾，或是人类、动植物经由水、 土壤、空气接触有害物质受到的危害，^[3]并且加以区分和量化。

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