工程价款优先受偿权的主张期间和覆盖范围研究

论文总字数：22070字

摘 要

工程价款优先受偿权制度是建筑工程领域在司法实践中运用得较为广泛的制度之一，也是保护建设工程合同一方当事人的有利手段。笔者观之于诸裁判案例，见目前审判实务中关于该制度的运用仍存在较多争议和疑难点：《合同法》和《批复》^[1]规定的笔墨较少，尤其对工程价款优先受偿权的性质、权利人承诺放弃的效力、主张期间的性质和起算点以及优先受偿的债权范围等在实践中出现频繁且对权利人影响甚巨的问题规定得较为模糊或没有规定，继而在具体司法过程中出现审判标准不一、同案不同判的现象。为明确承包人行使该权利的路径，实现工程价款优先受偿权制度的立法目的，体现法律的实质正义原则，应将该权利定性为特别优先权，禁止承包人预先放弃该权利，仅得在行使条件成就后才可承诺放弃。将该权利的行使期间定性为除斥期间并延长至1年，从债务履行期届满之日起算。将该优先权的权利主体扩张至实际施工人，优先受偿的债权覆盖范围以“工程价款说”为基础，及于劳动工人工资、材料费、工程利润，排除违约金和工程质量保证金。优先权支配的工程范围以“增值理论”为基础，限于承包人实际施工的工程部分，不及于项目工程的用地使用权和建筑工程的孳息。

关键词：工程价款优先受偿权；权利性质；主张期间；覆盖范围

Abstract

The priority of the project price payment system is one of the widely used system in judicial practice in the field of construction engineering, which is also an advantageous means for protecting one party of a construction project contract. The writer views various referee cases and find that there are still many controversies and difficult points about the system in the current trial practice. The regulations of the "Contract Law" and the "Reply" are not specific and clear, especially some issues that occur frequently in practice and have a great impact on the right holders, such as the essence of the right, the validity of the promise to give up, the essence and the starting point of the claim period and the scope of claims, are stipulated vaguely or uncertainly. Therefore, in the specific judicial process, the trial standards are different and the same cases are judged differently. In order to clarify the way in which the contractor exercises his right, realize the legislative purpose of the priority of construction project price payment system, and embody the principle of substantive justice of the law, it should be regarded as a priority, prohibiting the contractor from giving up the right in advance unless the conditions are fulfilled. The exercise period of this right should be defined as exclusion period and extended to one year, counting from the date when the claim is not settled. The subjects of right should be expanded to the actual construction person, the prioritized coverage should be based on the "project price theory", including the workers’ wages, materials and engineering profits, excluding the liquidated damages and project quality warranty. The scope of the project should be based on the “value-added theory” and limited to the actual construction of the contractor, which excludes the construction land use right, the asphyxiation of the construction project and the projects that are not suitable for discounted auctions. Besides, this right cannot be used to fight against the consumers who have paid the most of the purchases.

Key words: the priority of project price payment; the essence of the right; the period of the claim; the scope of the claims

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

引言 1

一、工程价款优先受偿权 1

（一）工程价款优先受偿权的三种权利属性分析 1

1、留置权属性分析 2

2、法定抵押权属性分析 2

3、特别优先权属性分析 3

（二）工程价款优先受偿权的行使条件 3

1、行使的实质条件 4

2、行使的形式条件 4

（三）工程价款优先受偿权的可放弃性 4

1、可以承诺放弃说 4

2、不可承诺放弃说 5

3、可以承诺放弃，但不得预先放弃，且仅具有相对性说 5

4、承诺放弃的效力 6

二、工程价款优先受偿权的主张期间 6

（一）期间的法律性质 6

（二）期间起算点的确定 7

1、工程竣工之日说 7

2、债务履行期届满之日说 9

三、工程价款优先受偿权的覆盖范围 9

（一）工程价款优先受偿权覆盖的权利主体类型 9

1、实际施工人 10

2、非法转包人、违法分包人 10

3、合法分包人 10

4、勘察人、设计人 10

（二）工程价款优先受偿权覆盖的债权范围 11

1、劳动报酬说（工人工资） 11

2、实际费用支出说（工人工资 材料费） 11

3、工程价款说（工人工资 材料费 利润） 11

4、工程全部发生款说（工人工资 材料费 利润 违约金） 11

（三）工程价款优先受偿权覆盖的工程项目资产范围分析 13

1、建设工程范围 13

2、工程项目用地使用权 13

3、建筑工程的孳息部分 14

四、结论 14

参考文献 15

致 谢 16

引言

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