论文总字数：32445字

摘 要

随着女性劳动力涌入市场，女性的社会地位得到进一步提升。然而，外出工作并未改变“男主外，女主内”的传统家庭分工模式，女性仍然承担了大部分甚至全部的家务劳动，且所承担家务劳动价值往往被丈夫无偿占有，自身职业发展受到冲击。从传统经济学，到新家庭经济学，再到现代经济学，在家务劳动是否存在经济价值的问题上大体经历了由否定到肯定的演变过程。从成本与收益的角度出发，家务劳动的付出需要一定的时间成本和精力成本，并能从另一方收入的增值和家庭支出的减少上体现其收益，因此家务劳动存在一定经济价值。然而家务劳动的内部性及男权社会的影响又使得家务劳动的价值被社会大众普遍忽视。家务劳动价值保护能够发挥降低离婚率的一般预防功能，有助于保障两性的婚姻自由权，对于平衡两性地位、促进男女平等具有重要意义。

家务劳动与婚姻家庭关系密切，各国家务劳动价值保护的基本模式均在婚姻法框架下进行。比较两大法系典型代表——德国和美国的具体制度,保护路径存在两种：一是离婚财产分配，二是家务劳动补偿。我国目前并未明确承认家务劳动的价值，共同财产制、家务劳动补偿及离婚经济帮助三种具体制度均存在不同程度的缺陷。共同财产制在不同家庭模式下所起作用有所不同，且无形财产未纳入共同财产范围；家务劳动补偿制度则存在适用范围狭隘、补偿标准不明、举证困难等问题；离婚经济帮助也并未起到价值保护之作用。

我国应形成以确立家务劳动价值保护的基本原则为基础，以家务劳动补偿制度为核心，离婚财产分配为补充的家务劳动价值保护体系。无形财产所蕴含的家务劳动价值以离婚财产分配加以弥补，其余情形采用家务劳动补偿制度。我国需要进一步改进家务劳动补偿制度，扩大适用范围，明确补偿标准，延长适用时效，并减轻举证压力，同时重新定位离婚经济帮助制度。

关键词：家务劳动 经济价值 补偿制度 法律保护

Abstract

As women enter into the labor market, there social status has been further enhanced. However, it didn’t change the traditional division of labor between males and females. Women still do most, even all of the housework. The value is often taken up by husbands without compensation, and their career development is affected. From the traditional economics, to new family economics, to contemporary economics, the question of whether there is economic value in housework generally goes through a process from negative to positive. From the perspective of costs and benefits, the contribution of housework requires a certain amount of time and energy costs, and can reflect the benefits from the increase of income from the other party and the reduction of household expenditure. Therefore, domestic work has certain economic value. However, the internality of housework and the influence of the patriarchal society make the value of housework ignored by the general public. The protection of the value can play the function to reduce the divorce rate, protect the freedom in marriage. It is of great significance for balancing gender status and promoting equality between men and women.

There is a close relationship between domestic work and marriage and family. The basic models for the protection of national labor values ​​are carried out under the framework of the Marriage Law. Comparing the typical representatives of the two legal systems— Germany and the United States—there are two specific paths: one is the distribution of divorce assets, and the other is the compensation for housework. China currently does not clarify the value of housework, and the specific protection system includes the common property system, domestic work compensation, and divorce economic help. The common property system plays different roles in different family models, and intangible assets are not included in the common property range; the housework compensation system has problems such as narrow scope of application, unclear compensation standards, difficulty in providing evidence, etc. So is divorce economic help.

Our country should form a domestic work value protection system, based on the establishment of the basic principle of protecting the value, centering on the housework compensation system, with distribute divorce assets as a supplementary. The value of domestic work contained in intangible assets is compensated by the distribution of divorce assets. In the remaining cases, the domestic work compensation system is adopted. There is a need to further improve the domestic work compensation system, expand the scope of application, clarify the compensation standards, extend the timeliness of application, and reduce the pressure for proof, while reorienting the divorce economic help system.

Keywords: household labor, economic value, compensation system，protection in law

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

引 言 1

一、家务劳动之经济价值证成 2

（一）家务劳动的经济价值分析 2

1.传统经济学观点——否定家务劳动之经济价值 2

2.新家庭经济学——相对肯定家务劳动之经济价值 3

3.家庭内部关系角度——完全肯定家务劳动之经济价值 3

（二）家务劳动的经济价值被忽视之内在原因 4

1.无交换价值及内部性 4

2.男权社会背景下的大环境影响 5

（三）家务劳动价值保护之重要意义 5

1.一般预防功能之发挥 5

2.两性婚姻自由权之保障 6

3.男女平等社会观之形成 6

二、家务劳动价值之法律保护形式 7

（一）基本制度——婚姻法框架下的价值保护 7

1.婚姻法框架下价值保护之原因 7

2.婚姻法框架下价值保护之优势 8

（二）具体制度——域外家务劳动价值保护的不同路径 8

1.德国离婚财产补偿制度 8

2.美国扶养费制度及离婚财产分配 10

三、我国家务劳动价值之法律保护现状及不足 11

(一) 我国家务劳动价值保护之现状 11

1.夫妻共同财产制 12

2.家务劳动补偿 12

3.离婚经济帮助 12

(二) 我国家务劳动价值保护之不足 13

1.未确立保护家务劳动价值的原则 13

2.共同财产制中家务劳动保护之缺陷 13

3.家务劳动补偿制度有待完善 14

4.离婚经济帮助制度效果不明显 16

四、完善我国家务劳动价值法律保护的构想 16

（一）家务劳动价值保护的基本原则之确立 16

（二）家务劳动价值保护的总体路径之选择 17

1.家务劳动补偿为核心 17

2.离婚财产分配为补充 18

（三）家务劳动价值保护的具体路径之完善 18

1.充分完善家务劳动补偿制度 18

2.适当扩张离婚财产分割范围 19

3.重新定位离婚经济帮助制度 20

结 语 21

参考文献 22

致 谢 23

引 言

恩格斯在《家庭、私有制和国家的起源》一书中提到了历史中的不同家庭形式，共产制家户经济时代下，妇女从事家务活动，同男子获得食物一样，都是公共的、为社会所必需的事业，随着专偶制个体家庭的产生，家务劳动与社会不再相干了，变成了一种私人的服务。^[1]家务劳动便丧失其公共性质，形成其自身的内部性，不具备交换价值。正因如此，传统经济学家否认家务劳动存在经济价值，法律从而也未形成对家务劳动价值的保护。但随着社会的发展和认识的变化，家务劳动的价值受到学者的广泛关注并逐渐得到肯定，形成新家庭经济学等现代经济学理论，其价值能够在家庭内部关系角度得到证明，夫妻一方的职业收入会因配偶的家务劳动付出而有所增加，家庭整体支出也会因此而减少。

剩余内容已隐藏，请支付后下载全文，论文总字数：32445字