论中国古代慎刑制度

论文总字数：21585字

摘 要

慎刑，意指慎重地对犯罪适用刑罚，即用刑审慎。它是我国古代法律文化的重要组成部分。中国古代慎刑制度是在西周“明德慎罚”思想的指导下，以及受儒家“德主刑辅”的治国方略和自给自足的小农经济的影响而形成的。慎刑制度自西周时期开始便受到统治者的重视，两汉时期获得初步发展，唐宋时期则达到完备，明清两朝进一步巩固了慎刑制度，经过两千余年的漫长发展，我国形成了历史悠久、独具特色的传统慎刑制度。传统慎刑制度对中国古代太平盛世的产生，对古代法律文化及其社会秩序稳定等方面都发挥着重要作用。在当前，随着我国改革开放的不断深入，提出建设有中国特色的社会主义法治国家，我国越来越重视人的自身价值。对于中国古代内容全面、体系完整的慎刑制度，其蕴含的人文主义关怀，对我国现代司法制度具有重要启发及借鉴意义。

本文将从五个部分对中国古代慎刑制度进行探讨。第一部分是简要介绍慎刑的基本含义及目的，第二部分是阐述中国古代慎刑制度发展脉络及特征，第三部分则是对中国古代慎刑制度产生的社会根源进行分析，第四部分是历史评析中国古代慎刑制度，最后一部分则是探讨中国古代慎刑制度的现代借鉴意义。

关键词：慎刑 明德慎罚 德主刑辅 借鉴

Abstract

Cautious Punishment refers to the careful application of penalties for crimes, and prudent punishment. It is an important part of ancient Chinese legal culture. In ancient China, the system of Cautious Punishment was under the guidance of the thought of "Bright Virtue and Careful Punishment", and the effect of the strategy of administering the country by the "morality given priority over penalty" and the self-sufficient small peasant economy. Since the beginning of the Western Zhou Dynasty, Cautious Punishment has received the attention of successive rulers. During the Han Dynasties, it was initially developed. The Tang and Song Dynasties made it complete, and the Ming and Qing Dynasties consolidated and developed the Cautious Punishment. In the end, a long-standing and unique system of Cautious Punishment was formed. Under the guidance of this system, China has produced a number of world-renowned peace events, which have important values for ancient Chinese legal culture and social stability. Nowadays, with the reform and opening up, our country is increasing emphasis on the human rights and pays attention to people's own values. In ancient China, the system of Cautious Punishment is comprehensive and complete. It embodies the color and care of humanism, and has important influence and reference significance for modern justice.

This article will discuss the system of the ancient Chinese Cautious Punishment from five parts. The first part is to briefly introduce the basic meaning and purpose of the punishment. The second is to elaborate the development context and characteristics of the ancient Chinese Cautious Punishment. The third part analyzes the social roots of the ancient Chinese system of Cautious Punishment. The fourth is the historical analysis of the ancient Chinese caution system. The last part is to explore the modern significance of the Cautious Punishment.

Key words: Cautious Punishment, Bright Virtue and Careful Punishment, morality given priority over penalty, reference

目 录

摘 要 Ⅰ

Abstract Ⅱ

绪 论 1

一、慎刑的含义及目的 1

（一）慎刑的含义 1

（二）慎刑的目的 2

1、规制刑罚 2

2、预防犯罪 2

3、保障司法公正 2

二、中国古代慎刑制度的发展脉络及特点 3

（一）西周时期慎刑制度的萌芽 3

（二）两汉至魏晋时期慎刑制度的形成和发展 4

（三）唐宋时期慎刑制度的完善 5

（四）明清时期慎刑制度的进一步巩固 6

三、中国古代慎刑制度产生的社会根源分析 7

（一）自给自足的小农经济 7

（二）德主刑辅的治国方略 8

（三）主张仁政的儒家思想 9

四、中国古代慎刑制度的历史评析 9

（一）对维护社会秩序发挥积极作用 9

1、有利于稳定社会秩序 10

2、有利于维护司法公平 10

3、有利于保障人文关怀 10

（二）具体运作机制方面的消极因素 10

1、主观性 10

2、随意性 11

3、与实践脱节 11

五、中国古代慎刑制度的现代借鉴意义 11

（一）当前中国慎刑制度相关规定 11

1、疑罪从无规则 11

2、罪刑相适应原则 11

3、体恤老幼等特殊群体 12

（二）对传统慎刑制度现代借鉴的重要性 12

结 论 13

参考文献 14

致 谢 15

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