侵犯公职人员名誉权的行为应慎用诽谤罪——以网络谣言为视角

论文总字数：9811字

摘 要

：近几年来，网络谣言频频增加，涉嫌诽谤罪案件也频频出现，尤其是涉及公职人员名誉权的诽谤罪案件。对公职人员名誉权适用诽谤罪存在着诸多问题。公职人员的名誉权与诽谤罪的客体不相符；忽略了对公共利益的充分考虑；入罪的标准未区别对待。对公职人员名誉权的限制有利于公民充分发挥言论自由，加强公民对公权力监督的积极性。所以，对侵犯公职人员名誉权应谨慎适用诽谤罪。应寻求公职人员名誉权和公民言论自由之间的平衡，对公职人员诽谤行为应优先按民事侵权处理，对诽谤罪构成要件做适当调整，对侵犯公职人员名誉权的诽谤案宜作为自诉案件处理。

关键词：诽谤罪，公职人员，名誉权，限制保护

Abstract：In recent years, network rumor has increased, for defamation cases occur frequently, especially relates to public officers"reputation right of libel case.The public officers"reputation right for libel and there are many problems.The object of public officers"reputation right and libel is not consistent; ignore the full consideration of the public interests; into the sin of the standard does not distinguish between.The public officers"reputation right restrictions for citizens to give full play to the freedom of speech, enhance the enthusiasm of citizens for public power supervision.So, for violations of public officers"reputation right should be applied cautiously libel.Seek official right of reputation and freedom of speech between the citizens of the balance, priority should be given to civil infringement on civil servants defamation, libel elements to make the appropriate adjustments, violation of the public officers"reputation right defamation case should be treated as a case of private prosecution.

Keywords：libel,public officials,the right of reputation,limit protection

目录

1引言····························································3

2对侵犯公职人员名誉权适用诽谤罪存在的问题························3

2.1公职人员的名誉权与诽谤罪的客体不相符··························3

2.2对公职人员名誉权的保护忽略对公共利益的考量····················3

2.3对于公职人员双重身份入罪标准未区别对待························4

2.4对诽谤公职人员的行为适用公诉方式不妥··························4

3对公职人员名誉权限制保护的必要性································4

3.1对公职人员名誉权限制保护的原因································5

3.2对公职人员名誉权限制保护的意义································6

4侵犯公职人员名誉权谨慎适用诽谤罪的措施··························7

4.1寻求公职人员名誉权与公民言论自由之间的平衡····················7

4.2对公职人员诽谤行为优先按民事侵权处理··························8

4.3对诽谤罪的构成要件作适当调整··································8

4.4对诽谤公职人员的行为宜作为自诉案件处理························9

结论····························································10

参考文献························································11

致谢····························································12

1 引言

网络的发展使人们更迅速更便利的进行信息共享，但同时也伴随着一些问题，网络谣言滋生蔓延。从2006年的“重庆彭水诗案”一直到现在不断发生的诽谤案，例如：“宁夏王鹏举报案”、“山西稷山文案”、“海南儋州歌案”、“辽宁西丰诽谤案”等一系列涉嫌诽谤罪的案件，表明公民的言论自由的权利与公职人员名誉权的矛盾在不断激化。随着案件的频发，社会上对公民的言论自由的权利和公职人员的名誉权之间的关系的争论也越来越多。例如，“王鹏举报案”王鹏举报同宿舍的马晶晶公务员考试作弊，指出马晶晶并不是自己凭实力考上公务员而是利用其父母的关系和家庭背景考上的。后王鹏因多次在网上发帖举报马晶晶父母存在经济犯罪等问题以诽谤罪被拘留。试问这个案件中存在着多少问题，案件的定性，诉讼的方式是否都准确无误。在该案被认定为错案的当日，网上有许多对王鹏举报案的质疑。为什么不调查公务员考试中是否存在王鹏举报的作弊行为而是拘留举报的公民？警方跨省抓捕维护的是谁的利益？警方拘留王鹏是想要解决问题还是制造恐怖气氛？其他几起案件也如同“宁夏王鹏举报案”一样，存在着这些问题，受到广大公众的质疑，大部分案件都以被定性为错案而撤销为结局。

2 对侵犯公职人员名誉权适用诽谤罪存在的问题

最近几年发生的关于诽谤罪的案件，都受到广大民众和舆论的质疑。这些案件受到质疑的问题也存在许多相同点，这反映公职人员名誉权适用诽谤罪条款存在的问题具有普遍性而非个别。

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