论文总字数:14017字
目 录
摘要.......................................................1
1民事诉讼调审制度概述......................................3
1.1民事调解的概念与特点....................................................3
1.2民事审判的概念和特点....................................................3
1.3民事调解与审判的关系....................................................3
1.3.1民事调解与审判的联系..............................................3
1.3.2民事调解与审判的区别..............................................3
1.4民事调解与审判分离的必要性..............................................32外国民事诉讼调审制度分析..................................42.1外国民事诉讼调审分离制度简介............................................4
2.1.1日本..............................................................4
2.1.2美国..............................................................4
2.1.3澳大利亚..........................................................5
2.1.4德国..............................................................52.2分析与借鉴..............................................................53我国民事诉讼调审制度的现状与成因..........................63.1立法现状................................................................6
3.2司法实践中的问题........................................................6
3.3民事诉讼调审制度问题的成因分析..........................................7
3.3.1调审主体的身份具有双重性..........................................7
3.3.2调解与审判的性质具有差异性........................................74我国民事诉讼调审分离制度的构建............................74.1民事诉讼调审分离制度在我国的试点与经验分析..............................7
4.2完善民事诉讼调审制度相关立法............................................8
4.2.1制定调解程序性规定................................................8
4.2.2确立调解保密原则..................................................8
4.2.3推行新的法官考核制度..............................................84.3建立民事诉讼调审分离制度相关配套措施....................................8
4.3.1建立专职调解员制度................................................94.3.2完善调解救济措施..................................................9
结语.......................................................9
参考文献...................................................9
致谢......................................................11
民事诉讼调审分离制度探析
徐颖
,China
Abstract:As one of the characteristics of civil procedure in China.,the combination of mediation and trial has brought many drawbacks while playing a positive role. In the traditional sense, there is not enough to pay attention to the wishes of both parties, and the power of authoritarianism is strong,which makes it easy to appear the phenomena such as long-term mediation without trial and forced mediation in juridical practice. On the contrary, the separation of mediation and trial can respect the status of the parties in the proceedings,express their own wishes freely, and play the role of weakening the influence of the authority. At the same time, separate the mediation and trial, the judge in the case of identity is more clear, judicial responsibilities also corresponding independent, alleviate the pressure of justice, to resolve the contradiction, is conducive to further perfect the court mediation system, promote the development of our country civil litigation system. This paper analyzes the root cause of the defects of the mode of the combination of civil mediation and trial, and studies the perfection of this system and puts forward the idea of adjusting the separation mode of the mediation and trial, which is suitable for the actual litigation in our country.
Keywords:Civil litigation;Separation of mediation and trial;Combination of mediation and trial
1民事诉讼调审制度概述
1.1,民事调解的概念与特点
民事调解指在法院的主持下,双方当事人就发生争议的民事权利义务合意解决纠纷的活动。民事调解包含以下几个特征:首先,调解为我国民事诉讼中的基本原则,贯穿于民事诉讼的整个过程,适用于诉讼中的各个进程。其次,调解必须基于当事人双方的自愿,不受法官等司法工作人员意志的干预,法官不能为了尽快结束案件而要求当事人进行调解。第三,调解的过程一般是保密的,法官对于案件基本事实以及双方协商的内容不能公开。第四,调解要依循法律规范,由法官进行监督建议,当事人的自由协商必须在法律允许下进行。最后,调解协议需要由法官认可且由法院承认才可以生效,当送达当事人以后,就与判决书具有同等效力。
1.2民事审判的概念与特点
民事审判是人民法院依照法定的程序,对民事案件进行审理和判决的活动。民事审判的特点首先是公权性,即法院代表国家行使审判决,从而解决平等主体间的纠纷,这一程序区别于民间组织进行调解仲裁的方式;其次,民事审判具有程序性,审判工作必须严格按照法定程序进行;最后,民事审判具有强制性,审判结果由国家强制力保证实施。
1.3民事调解与审判的关系
1.3.1民事调解与审判的联系
调解与审判作为民事诉讼中重要的结案方式,对于维护我国社会和谐有着重要的作用。二者都具有法律强制力,最后形成的调解书与审判书等效,只要形成就具有法律强制执行力。
调解制度虽然在实践过程中暴露了许多的弊端,但是它仍然对纠纷解决起到了很大的作用,很大程度上体现了当事人意志,提高了法院办事的效率,因而我们不能因为调解制度的问题而全面否定它。相对的,审判制度具有完善的制度规范,但是由于其本身所带有的强制性、严格性使得审判程序比较僵化,缺乏灵活性。所以当审判制度的局限性体现出来时,简便灵活的调解制度可以有利的对其进行补充,通过柔和的方式解决民事纠纷。由此看出,调解制度与审判制度具有着互相补充,相辅相成的关系。
1.3.2民事调解与审判的区别
首先在原理上,调解是基于当事人的意思,协商自愿解决纠纷的,而审判则是严格依照法律进行;其次在性质上,调解手段相对柔和,相反的,审判是纠纷解决刚性手段的代表;最后在结果上,调解追求的是双方当事人利益的协调性,而审判只按照法律寻求结果的公平正义。
1.4民事调解与审判分离的必要性
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