论文总字数:16109字
摘 要
当前中小企业在我国国民经济中占据重要地位,它对我国经济的发展起到了相当大的促进作用。但由于中小企业抵押资产不足,财务透明度不高,在发展过程中普遍存在资金不足的问题。中小企业信用担保机构能够显著提升企业信用等级,为银行能够向企业放贷提供保障。转移银行与中小企业的风险。但也因此,信用担保机构将面临非常大的风险,这些风险严重威胁到了信用担保机构的生存和发展。
本文在第二章提出了整篇文章的理论基础:信息不对称理论。在第三章,本文首先分析了目前我国信用担保机构的发展历程和运营状况,其次,本文基于信息不对称理论,从逆向选择和道德风险的角度,对信用担保机构的风险形成原因进行了分析。从外部风险形成原因看,本文认为中小企业信用不对称和银行风险转嫁是担保机构风险形成最主要的两个原因,并且信用担保机构不能从根本上解决逆向选择和道德风险问题;从内部风险形成原因看,管理层,经理人和内部员工的道德是风险形成的主要原因。以经理人为例:如果没有有效的内部约束和激励机制,经理人就可能为了自己的利益而去选择高风险高收益的项目。最后,文章认为,这些风险之所以没能最大程度地减少,还是因为风险管理不善的问题。随后本文讲述了我国风险管理中存在的问题:如信用担保机构承担的风险过高,再担保体系不健全等。最后,在第四章,本文提出了针对我国风险管理存在问题的解决办法:如完善法律法规,规范担保行业监管等。
关键字:信用担保机构; 中小企业; 信息不对称; 意会信息; 风险管理
Research on the Risk Management of
Small-and-Medium’s Credit Guarantee Institutions
---From Asymmetry Information Perspective
Abstract
At present, the medium and small enterprises occupy the important position in our national economy, it plays a quite important role in promoting the development of our country economy.. However, due to the shortage of small and medium enterprise mortgage assets, financial transparency is not high, in the development process generally insufficient funds. Credit guarantee organizations of small and medium enterprises can significantly improve the credit rating of the enterprise, and provide guarantee for the bank to lend to the enterprise. Risk of transferring banks and small and medium enterprises. However, the credit guarantee agencies will face a very big risk, these risks serious threat to the survival and development of the credit guarantee agency.
In the second chapter, the paper puts forward the theoretical basis of the whole article: asymmetric information theory. In the third chapter, firstly, the paper analyzes the credit guarantee institutions in our country development process and the status quo of operation. Secondly, this paper based on the theory of asymmetric information, from the point of view of adverse selection and moral hazard, the risk of credit guarantee institutions causes were analyzed. On the forming reason of external risk, this paper argues that the small and medium-sized enterprise credit asymmetry and bank transference of risk is the risk of guarantee institutions formed the main two reasons, and credit guarantee institutions can not fundamentally solve the problem of adverse selection and moral risk; the formation of internal risk from the original by watching, management, managers and employees moral is the main reason for the formation of risk. Take the manager as an example: if there is no effective internal restraint and incentive mechanism, the manager may choose the high risk and high profit for the project of the high risk for the sake of their own interests.. Finally, the article considered that the reason why these risks can not be reduced to a maximum extent, or because of the problem of poor risk management. Then this paper tells the problems of risk management in China: the risk of credit guarantee institution is too high, the re guarantee system is not perfect, etc.. Finally, in the fourth chapter, this paper puts forward the solutions to the problems of risk management in China: such as improving laws and regulations, and supervising the guarantee industry.
Keywords: Credit guarantee institutions; Risk management; Asymmetry information; Tacit information ; Small and medium sized companies
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
第一章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景及选题意义 1
1.2 国内外研究综述 1
1.2.1 国外研究综述 1
1.2.2 国内研究综述 1
1.3 研究框架 2
第二章 中小企业信用担保风险管理相关理论基础 3
2.1 信息不对称理论 3
2.2 逆向选择和道德风险 3
2.2.1 逆向选择 3
2.2.2 道德风险(经济学上) 3
2.3 信用担保对信息不对称的修正 3
第三章 中小企业信用担保风险产生原因分析 5
3.1 我国中小企业信用担保机构发展历程及运营状况 5
3.1.1 发展历程: 5
3.1.2 运营状况 5
3.2 中小企业信用担保机构风险产生原因分析 5
3.2.1 中小企业信用担保机构风险分类 5
3.2.2 中小企业信用担保机构风险来源 6
3.3 中小企业信用担保机构外部风险形成原因 6
3.4 中小企业信用担保机构内部风险形成原因 7
3.5 我国中小企业信用担保机构风险管理中存在的问题 8
3.5.1 银企合作中信用担保机构承担风险过高 8
3.5.2 信用担保机构比例放大倍数较低 8
3.5.3 中小企业信用再担保体系不健全 8
3.5.4 中小企业信用担保机构内部风险控制不规范 9
4.1 如何解决存在的问题以完善风险管理 10
4.1.1 加快推进信用再担保体系建设 10
4.1.2 强化合作构建银、信风险分担机制 10
4.1.3 加强中小企业信用担保机构内部风险管理 11
4.1.4 完善中小企业信用担保法律法规,强化担保行业监管 11
致 谢 12
参考文献(References) 13
绪论
1.1 研究背景及选题意义
中小企业在我国国民经济中处于重要地位,在农村经济中处于主体地位,是大型企业不可缺少的助力。但许多问题困扰着中小企业。在这之中,融资困难一直是限制我国中小企业发展最主要的瓶颈,没有资金,许多项目就无法投入实行。原因主要是因为中小企业的体制不健全,各项管理制度不完善,规模和信用水平低,缺少可供担保抵押的财产,造成银企关系中严重的信息不对称,给银行带来严重的损失风险,影响银行给中小企业发放贷款的积极性。据此,设立信用担保机构作为银行与企业的中介机构,可以解决中小企业融资成本高的问题,并转移银行承担的风险。但也因此,信用担保机构经营的风险非常高。我国信用担保机构自20世纪90年代后期才逐渐出现,直至今日我国出台了一系列规范性文件和办法,但这些文件立法层级不高,立意不明确,体系混乱,并不能很好地解决信用担保风险问题,因此本文希望能从其他角度阐述规避风险的管理办法。
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