当前超大城市积分落户政策分析

论文总字数：18615字

目 录

摘要········································································· Ⅲ

Abstract····································································Ⅳ

1 前言···································································· 1

2 研究方法······························································· 2

2.1 跨学科研究法························································· 2

2.2 文献分析法··························································· 2

2.3 比较分析法···························································· 2

2.4 数据分析法··························································· 2

3 国内超大城市积分落户政策实施现状································ 2

3.1 北京：兼顾着城市功能的疏散，并且落户的难度是最大的······················ 3

3.2 上海：其积分分值对应着市民的权利，需要排队来申请落户···················· 4

3.3 广州：积分制度只是落户的门槛，而居住证年限成为重点························ 4

3.4 深圳：对于外来人口落户本地的包容性很大，落户指标多且明确················· 5

3.5 天津：相较一线城市落户更为宽松，具有明显的普惠性·························5

3.6 武汉：探索中前进，对高校毕业生优惠政策多··································5

3.7 重庆：积分落户政策仍在探索中············································6

4 国外户籍管理制度经验借鉴········································· 7

4.1 美国的人口管理制度····················································7

4.2 法国的户籍管理制度·················································· 8

4.3 日本的户籍管理制度················································ 8

4.4 发展中国家--泰国的户籍管理制度······································· 8

5 我国积分落户政策的优势及弊端··································· 8

5.1 积分落户政策的优势····················································· 8

5.1.1 积分落户政策是一种公平的竞争方式··································· 8

5.1.2 积分落户政策可以调节大城市人口数量································· 9

5.1.3 积分落户政策是激励外来人口落户大城市的动力························· 9

5.2 积分落户政策的弊端····················································· 9

5.2.1 积分落户政策标准对绝大部分人来说较为苛刻··························· 9

5.2.2 积分落户政策可能使两极分化更加严重······························· 10

5.2.3 积分落户政策可能会对楼市产生一定影响······························ 10

6 如何完善积分落户政策·············································· 10

6.1 积分落户政策制定应坚持因城施政······································ 10

6.2 积分落户政策应广听民意，科学推进······································· 10

6.3 积分落户政策需全面考虑人才属性，体现公平公正··························· 11

6.4 加强中小型城市建设，优化人口结构········································11

6.5 积分政策只是一种过渡方式，并不是户籍改革的最终结果····················· 11

7 结论···································································· 11

参考文献···························································· 12

致谢································································· 14

当前超大城市积分落户政策分析

赵丹

, China

Abstract: After the reform and opening-up, with the rapid development of city economy and the improvement of urbanization level, a great number of people began to flock to the mega-cities and than lead to the city scale and urban population density rises sharply nowadays. Accordingly, it is trigger a series of city and social problems. On March 16, 2014, Our country promulgated lt; The National New-type Urbanization Project (2014-2020) gt;, which points out that it is important to strictly control the scale of the urban population to the urban population more than 5 million. And the current, Many large cities in China adopt the integral system for household registration to regulate in rhythm and scale. How to calculate the integral ? How to register the permanent residence ? It is not only related to large group of floating population development rights , but also involved the issue of social justice and harmonious development . May also affect positioning for future development planning of mega-cities . But now, there are still many problems in the implementation of the integral policy in some cities. Therefore, this article emphatically analyzed the effects of the current integral policy in mega-cities and the existing problems, to help the government to make more effective and reliable policy of household registration.

Key words: mega-cities;integral system for household registration;census register system

1 前言

随着当今社会的发展，中国的城镇化一定是未来几十年上百年内影响中国甚至是世界的一项重要内容，因为一个国家的城镇化是与它的现代化息息相关的。在中国历史渐进式的改革道路上，户籍制度改革成为中国城镇化过程中的一个极其重要的调控手段，而超大城市的发展在一定程度上会给全国的发展起到带动作用，因此大城市自身如何坚持可持续发展，便成了户籍政策制度改善的一个关键问题。未来我国城镇化进程将表现出一种高速平稳发展的趋势，城市层级及其体系也会更加明确清晰，而国家及其每一级地方政府有效的户籍制度改革能够带动这个目标更好地实现，并让它成为推动我国城镇化发展进程的一项重要举措，从而进一步推进国家城市化更加平稳高效优质发展。

现如今，我国城镇化发展速度日益加快，尤其是一些超大城市发展迅速使得大量外来人口不断涌入，城市人口规模迅猛增加，虽然为大城市发展提供了新鲜血液和支撑力量，但是也导致了一系列城市病和社会问题的产生，例如社会资源紧缺，环境条件恶化，道路交通拥堵，医疗教育住房等一些民生问题突出，城市的基础设施公共产品及社会保障等这一系列的公共服务不能满足如此规模庞大的外来新增人口的要求，社会贫富差距悬殊，存在不少人为的安全隐患造成社会动荡人心惶惶等等，因此严格控制超大城市人口数量和规模成为了中国城镇化发展中的一个严峻考验。

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