企业多元化经营与财务弹性关系研究

 2022-07-04 19:24:13

论文总字数:28598字

摘 要

随着国际竞争密度的持续增加以及经济环境不确定性风险的上升,多元化经营(Diversification)逐渐被选作中国上市公司的重要经营战略之一。多元化经营是指企业在经营活动中不只局限于单一的产品或行业,而是实行跨产品、跨行业的投资扩张。普遍来说,企业多元化经营战略具有分散可能面临的风险的作用,避免企业内部财务危机,帮助企业涉足具有发展优势的新兴行业,同时赋予企业原业务新的生机。

财务弹性(Financial Flexibility)是企业可以选择具备的一种能力,企业在具体操作上可以持有超额现金或者保留剩余负债,该种能力可帮助企业适应经济环境变化和有效利用投资机会,以应对可能发生的不利冲击或抓住潜在的投资机会。但是,在企业多元化过程当财务弹性也尤为重要。多元化扩张过快会导致公司财务方面出现问题,从而影响企业的多元化进程,更有甚者还会因财务弹性储备的不足而影响到企业的正常经营,使企业陷入财务危机。不难看出,财务弹性和多元化经营战略均为企业在面对环境不确定性变动时,抵御外部危机冲击的方法途径。因此,探究其中的关系,处理好企业多元化扩张与财务弹性之间的问题,寻求多元化经营与财务弹性之间均衡性的新思路是十分必要的。

本文在系统总结国内外相关研究成果的基础上,以财务弹性理论、多元化战略理论、资本结构理论等为理论基础,选取了2013-2017年沪深A股上市公司作为研究样本,采用文献研究法、多元线性回归法和实证分析等研究方法,验证企业多元化经营与财务弹性之间的关系。经研究检验发现,我国上市公司多元化经营程度与财务弹性的关系为负相关关系,即多元化程度越高,财务弹性水平越低。该结论对企业在选择应对外部环境不确定风险的措施时提供了一定的参考。

关键词:财务弹性、多元化经营、资本结构

Abstract

With the continuous increase of international competition density and the rising risk of economic environment uncertainty, diversification has gradually become one of the important business strategies of listed companies in China. Diversification refers to the fact that business operations are not limited to one product or one enterprise, but implement cross-product and cross-industry business expansion. In general, the diversified business strategy of the company has diversified risks and improved operational safety; it is conducive to the transfer of the company to emerging industries with good prospects; and it is beneficial to the promotion of the development of the original business of the company.

Financial Flexibility is the capability of companies in our country to adapt to changes that occur in surrounding economic environment and to capture the investment opportunities that arise coincidently. Diversification Strategy and financial resilience are the ways to respond to changes in environmental uncertainty and withstand the impact of external crisis, to explore the relationship between them, to solve the problems between diversification and financial flexibility of enterprises, and to seek diversification and financial management. The new idea of balance between elasticities is very necessary.

This paper is based on the systematic summarization of domestic and foreign research results, based on financial elasticity theory, diversification strategy theory, capital structure theory and other theoretical basis. It is selected the sample data from 2013 to 2017 as research samples to study the relationship between diversification and financial resilience. The result of the study shows that with the increase of the degree of diversification in a listed company, the financial flexibility decreases. It means that the higher the level of diversification, the lower the level of financial flexibility. This conclusion provides a certain reference for companies when they choose a method for response to the uncertain risks of the external environment.

KEY WORDS: Financial Flexibility, Corporate Diversification, Capital Structure

目 录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 研究背景 1

1.2 研究目的及意义 2

1.3 研究思路及方法 3

1.3.1 研究思路 3

1.3.2 研究方法 5

1.4 研究创新及不足 5

第二章 文献回顾 7

2.1 财务弹性文献回顾 7

2.1.1 财务弹性的定义 7

2.1.2 财务弹性的来源 7

2.1.3 财务弹性的影响因素 9

2.1.4 财务弹性的测量方法 10

2.2 企业多元化经营文献回顾 11

2.2.1 多元化经营的定义 11

2.2.2 企业多元化动因 11

2.2.3 多元化战略对企业的影响 12

2.3 两者相互关系的研究文献 12

2.4 文献评价 12

第三章 理论分析与研究假设 14

3.1 理论分析 14

3.1.1 基于资本结构理论的分析 14

3.1.2 基于财务弹性理论的分析 15

3.1.3 基于多元化战略理论的分析 15

3.2 研究假设 16

3.2.1 多元化经营与财务弹性的关系 16

第四章 研究设计 18

4.1 数据来源 18

4.2 变量设计 19

4.2.1 被解释变量 19

4.2.2 解释变量 19

4.2.3 控制变量 20

4.3 模型构建 21

第五章 实证检验结果 22

5.1 描述性统计 22

5.2 相关性分析 24

5.3 多元线性回归分析 25

5.4 稳健性检验 26

第六章 结论与展望 29

6.1 研究结论 29

6.2 对策建议 29

6.3 研究展望 31

致谢 32

参考文献 33

第一章 绪论

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