上市公司研发投入与财务绩效的关系研究

 2022-10-22 15:48:58

论文总字数:20294字

摘 要

随着经济的发展和技术的不断革新,各个国家都越来越重视企业研发投入。近年来,我国出台了一系列相关政策,以鼓励企业加大研发投入,在国际市场占据一席之位。在新能源、智能化技术的推进下,汽车行业正面临着产品升级、产业转型的关键期,产品、技术、模式等都在经历着一场巨大的改变,新产品的研发成为了汽车企业的重要工作。研发投入是否能为企业带来绩效的增长成了值得关注的问题。

本文通过文献法了解了现有的关于上市企业研发投入与企业绩效之间关系的相关结论,根据现代经济增长理论、技术创新理论和人力资本理论提出相关假设,选取了证监会2012版行业分类中75家制造业汽车行业沪深上市公司作为样本,收集了2015到 2017连续 3年的数据。选用研发人员投入强度和研发资金投入强度为自变量,将能反映盈利能力的净资产收益率和营业利润里作为因变量,以资产规模和资产负债率为控制变量,利用多元线性回归模型进行实证分析,验证研发投入与企业绩效之间的关系。

通过实证分析,得出了以下结论:我国汽车行业上市公司的研发费用投入与企业当期财务绩效存在显著的正相关关系,且二者之间具有滞后一期的影响,滞后一期的影响大于当期的影响;研发人员投入对当期的财务绩效存在积极影响,相对研发资金投入影响较小,且不存在滞后期的影响。根据以上结论,提出了重视研发产出效率、实施员工激励政策、正确评价本公司绩效、颁布相关政策等建议,从而为企业增加研发投入,提高企业绩效提供参考。

关键词:汽车行业上市公司;研发投入;财务绩效

Research on the Relationship between Ramp;D Investment and Financial Performance of Listed Companies

Abstract

With the development of economy and the continuous innovation of technology, each country attaches more and more importance to the investment of enterprise research and development. In recent years, China has introduced a series of related policies to encourage enterprises to increase investment in research and development and occupy a place in the international market. With the promotion of new energy and intelligent technology, the automobile industry is facing a critical period of product upgrading and industrial transformation. Products, technologies and models are undergoing a huge change, and the research and development of new products has become an important work for automobile enterprises. Whether Ramp;D investment can increase the performance of enterprises has become a matter of concern.

This article through the literature method to understand the existing of listed corporate Ramp;D investment and enterprise performance of the relationship between the relevant conclusions, according to the theory of modern economic growth theory, technological innovation and human capital theory put forward relevant assumptions, selected the classification 2012 version of the industry in 75 in manufacturing automotive industry and Shenzhen listed companies as samples, collected data from 2015 to 2017 in three consecutive years. Selects the Ramp;D input intensity and Ramp;D investment intensity as independent variables, will be able to reflect the profitability of return on net assets and operating profit as a dependent variable, by assets and asset-liability ratio as control variables, using multiple linear regression model, and carries on the empirical analysis to verify the relationship between Ramp;D investment and enterprise performance.

Through empirical analysis, the following conclusions are drawn: there is a significant positive correlation between the Ramp;D investment of listed companies in China's automobile industry and the financial performance of enterprises in the current period, and there is a lag phase effect between the two, the lag phase effect is greater than the impact of the current period; Research and development personnel investment has a positive impact on the current financial performance, relatively little impact on the research and development capital investment, and there is no lag effect. Based on the above conclusions, the paper puts forward some Suggestions, such as attaching importance to the output efficiency of Ramp;D, implementing employee incentive policies, correctly evaluating the company's performance, and promulgating relevant policies, so as to provide references for enterprises to increase their Ramp;D input and improve their performance.

Keywords: Automobile industry listed companies; Ramp;D investment; Financial Performance

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪  论 1

1.1 研究背景 1

1.2 研究的目的及意义 1

1.3 论文框架 1

第二章 国内外研究综述 2

2.1 研发投入与绩效正相关 3

2.2 研发投入与绩效负相关 3

2.3 研发投入与绩效非线性相关 3

2.4 研发投入对财务绩效的滞后期研究 3

2.5 小结 4

第三章 相关概念及理论基础 5

3.1 相关概念 5

3.1.1 研究与开发 5

3.1.2 财务绩效 5

3.2 理论基础 5

3.2.1 现代经济增长理论 5

3.2.2 技术创新理论 6

3.2.3 人力资本理论 6

第四章 实证研究设计 7

4.1 研究假设 7

4.2 变量选取 7

4.2.1 自变量 7

4.2.2 因变量 8

4.2.3 控制变量 8

4.3 样本选取与数据来源 9

4.4 模型设计 9

4.4.1 研发投入与盈利能力的模型 9

4.4.2 研发投入对财务绩效有滞后性的模型 9

第五章 实证结论分析 10

5.1 描述性统计分析 10

5.2 Pearson相关性分析 11

5.3回归性分析 11

5.3.1研发投入对当期绩效的回归结果分析 11

5.3.2研发投入对绩效的滞后性回归分析 12

第六章 结论与建议 14

6.1 研究结论 14

6.1.1 我国汽车行业上市公司研发投入有待提高 14

6.1.2 汽车行业研发投入对本期盈利能力的促进作用效果显著 14

6.1.3 汽车行业上市公司研发资金投入强度具有一年的滞后性 14

6.2 建议 14

6.2.1 重视研发产出效率,防止盲目地加大研发投入 14

6.2.2 建立更加符合企业发展需要的研发团队 15

6.2.3 正确看待企业研发投入对绩效的影响 15

6.2.4 根据实际客观评价本公司研发绩效 15

6.2.5 政府颁布相关政策,发挥监督指导作用 15

6.3 研究的局限性 16

6.3.1 研究期间有限 16

6.3.2 模型拟合度较小 16

致谢 17

参考文献(References) 18

第一章 绪  论

1.1 研究背景

近年来,我国国际经济地位不断提高,但科技创新、核心产品的开发和利用、知识产权纠纷等问题仍是我国发展过程中难以突破的问题。虽然我国研发投入的水平有所提升,但研发投入的强度较西方国家相比仍有很大差距。加强各个企业的研发投入,既是国家发展的需要,同时也是企业自身发展的需要。

随着新能源、智能化技术的发展,汽车产业也在加快着转型的步伐,产业的模式、技术都有了很大的改变。与此同时,汽车市场结束了20多年的高速发展,开始进入微增长甚至是负增长阶段,这意味着产品重组是汽车企业的必经之路。

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