论文总字数:19941字
摘 要
十九大以来,在国家出台多项政策,不断加大对民营企业的扶持力度下,民营企业顺应时势不懈努力,使得自身得到了迅速发展。但即便如此,民营企业谋求发展仍然要面对诸多问题,就目前来说尤为突出的是融资难问题。民营企业融资困难的原因是多方面的,首先从宏观层面看,国家对民营企业融资的支持力度相比较国有企业来说还是远远不够的,同时在当前的社会信用环境中,民间资本难以得到充分利用,以及民营企业面临着困难重重的直接融资渠道。其次在金融制度方面,由于我国国有商业银行自身传统的、缺乏创新的经营体制,导致其对民营企业的“惜贷”现象层出不穷。除此之外,民营企业自身存在的缺点和局限性也是导致融资难的关键原因。因此,为了帮助我国民营企业摆脱融资难的困境,本文通过比较国有企业的融资特点、渠道以及国家对国有企业的政策支持,同时结合当前我国融资环境的特点,从华为公司这一成功案例中总结反思,就帮助民营企业走出融资难的困境提出几点建议:一方面是民营企业必须努力完善自身的管理体制、优化公司的治理体系;另一方面是民营企业还应当努力拓宽融资渠道。民营企业作为市场经济的重要主体,国家应当继续加大对其的政策扶持力度,引导民营企业健康发展,有效发挥其对国民经济的促进作用。总之,解决好民营企业的融资难这一瓶颈,能够促使民营经济快速健康的发展,同时也推动着我国国民经济进一步发展。
关键词:民营企业;融资渠道;融资困境
Research on the Financing Channels and Methods
of Private Enterprises in China
Abstract
Since the 19th National Congress, under the policy of the state, and the increasing support for private enterprises, private enterprises have made unremitting efforts to adapt to the current situation, which has led to rapid development. Even so, there are still many problems in their pursuit of development. At present, the difficulty of financing is the most rigorous problem. The reasons for the difficulties in financing private enterprises are manifold. First of all, from the macro level, the state"s support for private enterprise financing is far from enough for state-owned enterprises. In the meanwhile, it is difficult for private capital to be fully utilized in the current social credit environment. The direct financing channels of private enterprises are also difficult. Secondly, in terms of the financial system, due to the traditional and lack of innovative management system of China"s state-owned commercial banks, the phenomenon of “repaying loans” to private enterprises has emerged one after another. In addition, the shortcomings and limitations of private enterprises themselves are also the key reasons for financing difficulties. Consequently, in order to In order to solve the problem of financing difficulties for private enterprises in China, this paper summarizes the successful cases of Huawei by comparing the financing characteristics, channels of the state-owned enterprises and the state"s policy support to state-owned enterprises, and combining the characteristics of the current financing environment in China. Reflections, on the dilemma of helping private enterprises to get out of financing difficulties, on the one hand, private enterprises must strive to improve their own management system and optimize the company"s governance system; on the other hand, private enterprises should make every effort to expand financing channels. As an important part of the market economy, private enterprises should continue to increase their policy support, guide the healthy development of private enterprises, and effectively play their role in promoting the national economy. In short, solving the bottleneck of the financing difficulties of private enterprises can promote the rapid and healthy development of the private economy, and at the same time promote the further development of China"s national economy.
Keywords: Private Enterprises; Financing Channels; Financing dilemma
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
第一章 绪 论 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 1
1.2 研究思路及方法 1
1.3 相关概念界定 2
1.4 论文框架 3
第二章 文献综述 4
2.1 国外相关文献综述 4
2.2 国内相关文献综述 4
2.3 本章小结 5
第三章 我国民营企业融资现状分析 6
3.1 民营企业融资环境 6
3.2 民营企业融资渠道及方式的选择 7
3.2.1 内部融资 7
3.2.2 债权融资 7
3.2.3 股权融资 8
3.2.4 银行贷款 8
第四章 国内企业融资渠道和方式对比 10
4.1 我国国有企业融资现状 10
4.1.1 国有企业融资结构特点 10
4.1.2 国有企业与民营企业融资的差异 10
4.1.3 国有企业融资对民营企业的启示 11
4.2 华为公司融资的经验及启示 11
4.2.1 华为公司融资的方式 11
4.2.2 华为公司融资对其他民营企业的启示 13
第五章 我国民营企业融资问题的对策 15
5.1 提升民营企业整体素质 15
5.1.1 建立现代企业制度 15
5.1.2 规范民营企业财务管理制度 15
5.1.3 深化改革,提高企业综合竞争力 15
5.2 完善民营企业融资体系 15
5.2.1 完善民营企业直接融资体系 15
5.2.2 完善民营企业间接融资体系 16
5.3 健全民营企业融资社会支持体系 17
5.3.1 完善民营企业相关的金融制度 17
5.3.2 给予民营企业税收优惠 17
5.3.3 健全民营企业融资辅助体系 17
结 论 18
致 谢 19
参考文献(References) 20
第一章 绪 论
1.1 研究背景及意义
改革开放四十年来,民营企业早已跃升成为我国经济的重要组成部分,近些年我国取得的经济成就与民营企业的发展密不可分。根据国家统计局数据显示,截至2015年我国注册登记的企业总数已达到12593254家,其中非国有控股企业为12301991家,民营企业的数量超过全国企业总数的95%以上。民营企业引领着大众创业、万众创新,它对国民经济和社会发展各方面具有重要的战略意义,其主要表现在以下几个方面:
其一,民营经济已经撑起了我国国民经济的半壁江山。主要表现在目前民营经济占国民经济的比重已达到65%,成为推动我国经济增长的重要力量。同时我国部分民营企业积极参与国际竞争,在国际市场上独当一面占有一席之地,为我国经济的发展增添活力。当然,民营企业的迅猛发展也为国家财政做出重大贡献,成为我国税收的重要来源。
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