企业合并中所得税会计问题探讨

 2022-01-17 23:46:17

论文总字数:14627字

目 录

1、引言·······································································3

1.1研究背景································································3

1.2研究目的································································3

2、文献综述··································································3

2.1国内研究状况····························································3

2.2国外研究状况····························································4

3、企业合并中形成的长期股权投资对所得税的影响····················4

3.1 初始投资对所得税的影响·················································4

3.2后续计量对所得税的影响··················································5

3.2.1投资损益确认对所得税的影响··········································5

3.2.2被投资单位其他权益变动对所得税的影响································5

3.2.3现金股利或利润对所得税的影响········································6

3.3长期股权投资处置对所得税的影响··········································7

4、合并商誉对所得税的影响···············································7

4.1商誉的确认与披露························································7

4.2 商誉对递延所得税的影响·················································7

4.2.1 免税合并中商誉对递延所得税的影响···································7

4.2.2应税合并中商誉对递延所得税的影响····································9

5、内部资产交易合并抵销对所得税的影响·······························9

5.1.集团内部的存货交易·····················································9

5.2内部应收账款坏账准备的抵销·············································10

6、总结·····································································11

参考文献···································································11

致谢·········································································13

企业合并中所得税会计问题探讨

单晓敏

,China

Abstract:With the promulgation of new accounting standards, the problem of income tax accounting is affected by many aspects.Therefore, it is very important to understand the influence of different factors on the income tax accounting in the enterprise merger.If these factors are ignored in financial activities, it is likely to result in inaccuracy of accounting information and inconvenience to users, so the research of this paper is necessary.Firstly in this paper analyzes the status quo of the merging of enterprises in China's rapid economic development, and domestic and foreign scholars currently on income tax of the brief description, and then from the long-term equity investment equity method of accounting, goodwill and internally asset trading these three aspects to explain the specific circumstances combined enterprise income tax to deal with the problems.

Key words:business combination,income tax accounting,long term equity investment,goodwill,

accounting standards for enterprises

1、引言

1.1研究背景

在我国经济持续增长、市场经济体制不断得到完善的情况下,越来越多的企业用合并的方式实现自身的快速扩张与多元化经营,以在残酷的市场机制中存活下来。据中新网中国企业2015年参与并购交易数上升37%,总数量上升84%达到73400000万美元,在数量和金额方面创下新高。从单笔数额来说,大于10亿美元的业务达到了114笔,取得新突破。相关人士认为,在中国市场经济迅猛发展和海外市场不断扩大的条件下,中国企业2016年在并购业务方面将有望再取得跳跃性的发展,其增幅可能超过20%。由此可见,在市场经济的条件下,企业合并是不可避免的,而企业在合并过程中的所得税问题是复杂繁琐而又多变的,所以,了解所得税核算对企业合并有重要意义,也受到社会各层的青睐。2006年新的会计准则和通知等相关法规地出台规定了所得税问题在具体情况下的计算。前者是制度基础,它决定了计算方法;后者通过税务处理在一般与特殊情况下的比较,对在不同情形下所得税与相关资产计税基础的确定进行了规定。

但是,准则与税法毕竟是从两个不同的方面进行规定的,前者是强调企业本身,注重财务状况和经营成果的真实反映;后者强调的是国家财政,注重企业的纳税义务。因此,在合并中计算所得税中使用综合准则与税法时,便产生了会计处理不同的问题。

1.2研究目的

企业合并中关于所得税的问题比较复杂,购买方在合并日从被购买方取得的净资产,有的包括新增递延所得税负债和,有的不包括;企业并购过程中买方的差异,有的会对当期或递延所得税造成影响,有的则不会;本文通过对购买方的会计处理进行梳理,并应用案例进行解析具体因素对所得税会计处理的影响,为会计实务提供参考。

2、文献综述

2.1国内研究状况

马鑫(2006)在文中主要讨论了非同一控制下的所得税会计,文中从控股和吸收合并两个方面着手,并分别阐述了税法在一般与特殊性情况下的处理。

张玉兰(2011)认为企业合并中的所得税处理比较复杂,由并购产生的差额有的关系到递延所得税负债和资产,有的会对当期或递延所得税造成影响,有的则不影响。文章主要从同一和非同一控制下两个方面对合并的所得税处理进行了探讨,得出同一控制下企业合并新增的资产和所欠价款不包括新增的递延所得税资产负债,并购产生的差额也不会对当期损益和递延所得税造成影响的结论,而非同一控制下则恰恰相反。

王竹泉(1997)则从企业报表的角度对所得税进行了分析。文章中前半部分阐述了企业里面由于没有获得的交易损失和收益导致个别与合并报表在利润总的合计数额之间的差额;后半部分通过存货交易和固定资产的抵销说明了合并报表中具体的所得税会计处理,得出只有经过调整才能给使用报表的人传递准确信息的结论。

邵贵萍(2012)从准则与税法差异对同一非同一控制下企业合并进行了对照,认为产生不同的根本原因在于准则与税法规定中采用的分类方法不一致。建议有关部门考虑单独编制一份所得税报表,简化企业所得税的处理和申报纳税工作。

2.2国外研究状况

皇.诺曼(2006)从资产负债表的研究方法、暂时性差异的确认、资产重估方面比较分析了新西兰会计准则与国际会计准则在具体情形下的不同处理。

新西兰国际会计准则认为对于企业实体来说,采用资产负债表债务法是定位在财务报告基础上的,有利于提高企业财务报告的质量。还说明了因为企业定期重新评估其资产,在资产负债表的研究方法下可能会显著增加所识别的递延的所得税负债。该项负债的重新估计计算取决于其资产预计在负债表日的恢复方式,恢复方式主要有进一步使用和收回处置两种。

国外相对于国内来说,他们的观点比较众多,层出不穷,相关的学者人士也是不断搜集新的资料进行研究,来使自己的观点更加有说服力。

3、企业合并形成的长期股权投资对所得税的影响

长期股权投资采用成本法和权益法两种方式,由于会计准则和税法上入账记录方法不同,成本法下的账面记录的价格与其税基相同,不产生暂时性差异;权益法下在账面上记录的价格和它的税基之间存在着暂时性差异,所以应分析是不是要调整应纳税所得额当企业发生所得税缴纳事件时,以及确定暂时性差异对将来可能发生的所得税产生的影响。

3.1 初始投资对所得税的影响

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