论文总字数:26284字
摘 要
近年来,我国多次颁布实施进口关税下调政策,逐步扩大降税商品品种范围,进一步加强我国对外开放程度。关税税率的调整对于一个国家的经济发展和产业结构发展都有重要影响,尤其是进口关税的调整对于我国进出口贸易的影响。
本文主要通过研究分析近年来我国进口关税税率下调的相关政策,了解分析降税商品的种类和降税幅度,并分析比较关税税率下调对于我国进出口贸易量产生的变化,降税对于国内外市场产生的影响,从而得到进口关税税率下调对于我国进出口贸易影响的研究结论。
经研究分析,我国屡次下调商品进口关税税率主要是因为我国在经济全球化、贸易自由化背景下对于WTO减税承诺的实现、国内个性化、多样化需求的增加以及国家为促进国内产业结构优化、提高产业竞争力。关税下调在一定程度上可以缓解国内贸易顺差压力,增加进口量,促进国内企业引进先进设备、提高企业竞争力,满足国内多样需求。同时,关税下调政策给跨境电商带来了新的机遇与挑战。然而由于汇率和零售价格存在其他多个方面的制约,关税下调并不会对其立即产生直接、明显的影响。
本文从关税的保护作用入手,为关税调整幅度的选择提供了有效的理论支持,也为接下来的关税调整政策提供了一些参考建议。
关键词:关税下调;WTO;跨境电商;多样化需求
A STUDY ON THE EFFECT ON OUR IMPORT AND EXPORT TRADING DUE TO REDUCING IMPORT TAXES
ABSTRACT
In recent years, our nation has published the policy of reducing import taxes, in order to expand the range of tax goods kinds and strength the opening to outside world. It is extremely important for our nation in financial development and industrial structure development to adjust tax ratio of tariff. Adjusting import tax ratio of tariff has an especially effect on our import and export trading.
By analyzing the related policy of reducing import tax ratio in recent years, I figured out the kinds of reducing tax goods and extent of reducing tax. Also, I analyzed and compared the import and export trading changes of before and after the policy being published, including the impact on domestic marketing. For the sake of getting the analysis, we can have a very clear understanding of the impact of reducing the import tax ratio on the import and export trading.
According to my analysis, our nation wants to keep the promise to WTO of reducing the tax, increase the need of domestic individuation and domestic diversification,stimulate the optimization of domestic industrial structure and promote the competitiveness of industry. Reducing the tax can relief the pressure of national trading, increase the amount of importing, stimulate to import the advanced equipment, increase the competitiveness of corporate and meet the need of diversification. Also, it gives a new opportunity and challenge to cross-border e-commence. Due to several restrictions to exchange rate and retail price, deducing tax can not make a direct or immediate impact to them.
This essay talks about the protection tax can make and support choices to adjust the tax efficiently in theory. Also , we provide some reference comments for making the policy to adjust the tax.
KEY WORDS: reducing import taxes ; WTO ; cross-border e-commence ; the need of domestic individuation and domestic diversification
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第一章 绪论 1
1.1研究背景及意义 1
1.2研究思路和方法 2
1.3本文的创新点 2
第二章 文献综述 3
2.1 进口关税理论综述 3
2.2进口关税调整的经济效应 4
第三章 我国进口关税调整和进出口贸易现状 7
3.1我国进口关税调整的现状 7
3.2 我国进出口贸易的发展现状 8
3.2.1贸易体制逐渐与国际接轨 9
3.2.2完善的分类管理和逐步优化的产业结构 9
3.2.3人民币汇率调整促进进出口贸易平衡 9
3.3我国近年来屡次下调进口关税原因 9
3.3.1根据多边或双边协议逐步削减进口关税 9
3.3.2满足国内消费升级需求 10
3.3.3调整日用消费品产业结构 11
第四章 进口关税税率下调对我国进出口贸易的影响 12
4.1对我国进出口贸易平衡的影响 12
4.2对国内内需的影响 12
4.3对我国国民收入的影响 13
4.4对于国内企业的影响 15
4.5对于跨境电商的影响 16
4.5.1跨境电商的机遇 16
4.5.2跨境电商的挑战 17
4.6对进出口和汇率的影响 18
4.7对进口消费品零售价格的影响 20
第五章 关税调整建议 21
5.1关税下调幅度的选择 21
5.1.1瑞士公式 21
5.1.2协调关税公式 21
5.1.3直线减让公式 22
5.2出口关税制度的优化 23
5.3运用关税结构进行产业导向作用 24
5.3.1结合产业优势优化关税保护结构 24
5.3.2防止对产业的过度保护 25
第六章 总结与展望 26
致谢 27
参考文献 28
第一章 绪论
1.1研究背景及意义
自2001年我国加入国际世贸组织(WTO)以来,我国积极履行加入世贸组织时的承诺,屡次调整关税政策下调关税税率,逐步扩大降税商品范围。到2010年,我国关税总水平已经从原先的15.3%下降至9.8%,前后下降幅度高达36%。其中,我国工业品的平均税率从2001年前的14.7%下调为现在的8.9%,农产品的平均关税税率也从2001年前的18.8%下调为现在的15.3%。与此同时,我国还在进一步地对税则税目进行精细设置。
近几年来,我国更是对需求量较大、需求多样化的日用消费品的关税税率进行了几番大幅下调,关税结构也在不断地优化。
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