我国渐进式延迟退休年龄政策的社会效应与优化路径研究

论文总字数：20560字

目 录

一、绪论 1

（一）选题背景 1

1、国际背景 1

2、国内背景 1

（二）问题提出 1

（三）国内外文献综述 2

1、国内相关文献综述 2

2、国外相关文献综述 2

3、国内外研究评述 2

（四）研究意义 3

1、理论意义 3

2、现实意义 3

（五）研究方法、技术路线 3

1、研究方法 3

2、技术路线 4

（六）可能的创新与不足 4

1、可能的创新 4

2、本文的不足之处 4

二、理论框架 4

（一）概念界定 4

1、退休、退休年龄、退休制度 4

2、延迟退休 4

3、人口老龄化、人口红利 5

（二）理论基础 5

1、生命周期理论 5

2、马斯洛需求层次理论 5

3、福利多元主义理论 5

三、我国延迟退休年龄政策的历史叙事 6

（一）我国延迟退休年龄政策的历史沿革 6

1、我国退休制度的基本体系 6

2、我国退休制度的调整历程 6

3、我国现行退休政策 6

（二）我国延迟退休年龄政策实施的重要性与必要性 7

1、人口结构的“倒金字塔”呼唤延迟退休年龄 7

2、与日俱增的养老压力呼唤延迟退休年龄 7

3、计划生育政策的调整 7

4、教育年限的延长 7

四、延迟退休年龄政策的社会效应研究 8

（一）延迟退休年龄政策对经济活动的影响 8

（二）延迟退休年龄政策对社会的影响 9

（三）延迟退休年龄政策对劳动者个体的影响 9

五、西方发达福利国家延迟退休年龄政策的启示与借鉴 10

（一）西方发达福利国家对退休年龄的调整概况 10

（二）西方发达福利国家延迟退休年龄政策的借鉴 11

1、西方发达福利国家延迟退休年龄给我们的启示 11

2、西方发达福利国家退休制度改革给我们的警醒 12

六、我国延迟退休年龄政策的消极效应优化路径 12

（一）优化原则 12

1、循序渐进原则 12

2、利益兼顾原则 12

3、弹性原则 13

4、充分就业原则 13

（二）具体优化路径 13

1、建立政策的宣传引导机制 13

2、通过激励机制提高民众积极性 13

3、严厉打击违规提前退休，遏制提前退休率 13

4、通过配套法律，保证制度的法制化 14

结语 14

参考文献 14

致谢 16

我国渐进式延迟退休年龄政策的社会效应与优化路径研究

郭惠蓉

，China

Abstract：The retirement system developed in 1950s has been used up to the present. During this period, great changes have taken place in China's politics, economy and society. The passive retirement system has gradually emerged, and the delay of retirement is beginning to go to the stage of implementation. At the economic level, the aging of the demographic structure has led to great pressure on the pension system. At the political level, the policy of postponing the retirement age is an important measure to adapt to the current national conditions and is an important content of the deepening of the reform. At the social level, the extension of the number of years of education makes the delay of retirement fully exerting manpower. The value of resources, cultural delay in retirement, and the full development of human capacity are conducive to satisfying the needs of selfactualization.

On the basis of determining the future delay of retirement, this paper studies the delayed retirement policy through literature reading, theoretical exposition and social investigation, and discusses the possible negative effects of the delayed retirement age policy from the perspectives of economics, sociology and psychology.

This article first emphasizes the inevitability of the delay of retirement. One is the inverted Pyramid structure; the two is the increasing pressure on the aged; the three is the adjustment of the childbearing policy; and the four is the extension of education years. These four aspects determine that China needs to postpone retirement age and adapt to the new environment. Then, it analyzes the effects of delayed retirement on economy, society and individuals. Finally, put forward reasonable policy recommendations for its negative effects. First, we should design the most suitable delayed retirement plan based on the principle of gradual and orderly progress, the principle of interest balance, the principle of flexibility and the principle of full employment. Second, guide public opinion, set up a propaganda and guidance mechanism for policies, and improve the enthusiasm of the people through incentive mechanisms. Third, we must crack down on illegal early retirement, curb early retirement rates, and ensure the legalization of the system through supporting laws.

Key words：Postpone retirement age policy;The age of retirement;Social effect; Policy advice

一、绪论

（一）选题背景

1、国际背景

人口老龄化所带来的退休压力并不只产生在中国，世界上的很多国家都面临着退休制度的改革，延迟退休已然是大势所趋。表1-1列出了对退休制度进行延迟退休改革的国家的具体退休年龄。

表1-1 世界主要国家退休年龄改革概况

资料来源：钟新奇，我国延迟退休政策的影响及应对机制研究，南京大学，2017年

从上表可以看出：（1）中国现行退休制度的退休年龄是最低的；2)延迟退休都采取了男女同龄退休的制度，如果原来男女退休年龄不一致，就逐步提高女性退休年龄，不断向男性退休年龄靠拢；（3)分阶段进行退休年龄的延迟。

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