2014-2017年哈尔滨空气质量统计分析

论文总字数：23524字

目 录

1 绪论.....................................................1

1.1 我国近十年空气污染状况...................................................1

1.1.1 硫化物...............................................................1

1.1.2 颗粒物...............................................................1

1.1.3 碳氢化合物...........................................................1

1.1.4 危害.................................................................1

1.2 黑龙江省近十年空气污染状况...............................................2

1.2.1 秸秆燃烧引起的污染...................................................2

1.2.2 燃煤污染.............................................................2

1.2.3 工业废弃物污染.......................................................4

1.3 黑龙江省近十年空气污染变化趋势...........................................4

1.3.1 PM_2.5..................................................................4

1.3.2 PM₁₀..................................................................4

1.3.3 能见度...............................................................5

1.4 研究内容.................................................................5

2 试验方法.................................................6

2.1 数据查询.................................................................6

2.2 筛选整理.................................................................6

2.3 数据计算.................................................................6

2.3.1 AQI平均值............................................................6

2.3.2 污染物浓度...........................................................6

3 2014-2017年哈尔滨空气质量变化趋势........................8

3.1 2014-2017年哈尔滨空气质量每年变化情况.....................................8

3.1.1 AQI月变化规律.........................................................8

3.1.2 AQI季节变化规律.......................................................8

3.1.3 AQI年分布规律........................................................9

3.1.4 首要污染物月变化规律................................................ 10

3.1.5 首要污染物季节变化规律.............................................. 10

3.1.6 首要污染物年变化规律................................................ 12

3.2 2014-2017年哈尔滨空气质量情况对比........................................12

3.2.1 AQI..................................................................13

3.2.2 首要污染物.......................................................... 15

3.3 不同地区2014-2017年空气质量对比.........................................18

3.3.1 AQI..................................................................18

3.3.2 首要污染物.......................................................... 19

4 2014-2017年哈尔滨首要污染物浓度变化趋势................. 21

4.1 2014-2017年哈尔滨首要污染物浓度变化情况..................................21

4.2 不同地区2014-2017年首要污染物浓度对比...................................23

5 结论.................................................... 25

参考文献.................................................. 26

致谢...................................................... 27

2014-2017年哈尔滨空气质量统计分析

郑立彪

Abstract: Along with the development change, our country's environment question is more and more serious, the air pollution has affected human as well as each kind of biological activity. Because the automobile exhaust emissions, fuel combustion, and factory waste emissions, makes air pollution significantly, sulfide, hydrocarbons, particulate matter and other substances is the main cause of air quality, can cause acid rain and photochemical smog, acid smog, global warming, haze and other issues. In this paper, the air pollution status of Harbin city of Heilongjiang Province in recent years is analyzed, and the pollution days, pollution levels and pollutant types are discussed. The study found that the pollution situation in Harbin is serious in recent years, the main pollutants are PM_2.5, PM₁₀ and NO₂. In addition, the city's combined pollution is serious, which is directly related to the energy structure and industrial development. In addition, the change law of AQI and main pollutants distribution in Harbin in recent years are discussed and compared with Guiyang and Lhasa.

Keywords: Harbin City; Air Pollution; Pollution Level; Pollutant Type

1 绪论

1.1 我国近十年空气污染状况

我国社会经济在持续高速发展中，环境污染带来的问题也不断增加,导致区域性污染事件(霾污染、光化学烟雾等)频繁发生，严重威胁人们的身体健康,特别是在人群较为密集的重点城市的环境空气污染更为严重,人群健康的损失也更大。众多的研究表明空气中的SO₂、NO₂、O₃、PM₁₀和PM_2.5等多种污染物在一定浓度下可对人体多个系统和器官组织造成损害，以致于对人群死亡率产生显著影响^[1]。

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