论文总字数：22271字

摘 要

随着化工、制药等其他工业的发展，废水的产生量越来越大，物理、化学和生物方法对有机物的去除效果及效率并不理想，而活性炭由于其巨大的比表面积、多孔结构及高表面活性被认为是去除水中有机物最具有潜力的吸附剂。本文以稻壳和木屑为原料制备碳基吸附剂，并在此基础上进行化学改性，通过BET、TG等对碳基吸附剂进行表征。选取典型的有机污染物（吡啶、苯酚），研究廉价的碳基吸附剂对典型有机污染物的静态吸附，改变温度、pH探究其对吸附的影响。

商业活性炭在90min时达到吸附平衡，吸附剩余量为80%；商业碳纤维虽然在平衡之前的吸附速率大于商业活性炭，但也在90min左右达到吸附平衡，吡啶吸附剩余量为60%；木屑吸附剂的吸附效果比稻壳吸附剂的效果更好，木屑和稻壳吸附剂对吡啶的吸附速率很快，在开始的5min内就完成，平衡时的吸附率达到了75%以上。吸附平衡和动力学的实验表明，Freundlich 吸附等温线模型更能够准确地描述稻壳和木屑吸附剂对吡啶的吸附平衡。而对苯酚的吸附用Langmuir吸附等温模型拟合更适合。随着温度的升高，吸附剂的吸附量逐渐减少，表明了吸附是放热过程。当pH在4-8之间时，稻壳和木屑吸附剂对有机物吡啶的吸附几乎不受影响，而pH超过10时，吸附量减少，剩余浓度变大；pH在4-6之间时，稻壳和木屑吸附剂对有机物苯酚的吸附几乎不受影响；pH在6-10之间时，影响逐渐显现，吸附量有所降低；而pH超过10时，吸附量大大减少。

通过对比商业活性炭、商业炭纤维和用木质素制备活性炭纤维的吸附效果，KOH活化的稻壳和木屑吸附剂也表现出较好的吸附性能，有望以后应用于处理工业废水。

关键词：稻壳；木屑；木质素活性碳纤维；改性

Study on the treatment of organic wastewater based on the cheap carbon based adsorbent

03212711 Dong Fangyu

Supervised by Song Min

Abstract

With the development of the chemical, pharmaceutical and other industries, has produced more and more wastewater. Because the effect and efficiency of chemical and biological methods of organic matter removal is not ideal, and activated carbon has the potential for adsorption agent to remove organics in the water.due to the huge ratio surface area and porous structure and high surface activity. In this paper, the carbon based adsorbent was prepared from rice husk and sawdust, and the chemical modification was carried out on the basis of BET and TG. The typical organic pollutants (pyridine, phenol) were selected to study the adsorption of organic pollutants on the basis of cheap carbon based adsorbents, and the effects of temperature and pH on the adsorption were studied.

Commercial activated carbon reached adsorption equilibrium in 90min, the residual adsorption content 80%; commercial carbon fiber before the adsorption in equilibrium is larger than that of the commercial activated carbon, but also in 90 minutes reached adsorption equilibrium, the adsorption amount of pyridine residual was 60%; sawdust adsorbent adsorption effect is better than the effect of rice hull adsorbent, sawdust and rice husk adsorbent of pyridine adsorption rate is fast, completed within 5 min of the beginning of adsorption and equilibrium adsorption rate reached more than 75%. Adsorption equilibrium and kinetics experiments show that the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model can accurately describe the adsorption equilibrium of rice husk and sawdust adsorbent on pyridine. And Langmuir adsorption isotherm model was more suitable for the adsorption of phenol. With the increase of temperature, the adsorption amount of the adsorbent decreased gradually, which indicated that the adsorption process was exothermic. When pH between 4-8, rice hull and sawdust adsorption agent of organic compound pyridine adsorption almost unaffected, while the pH is more than 10, adsorbed amount is decrease; pH is between 4-6, rice hull and sawdust adsorption agent of organic phenol adsorption almost unaffected; pH between 6-10, impact is gradually emerging which result of adsorption capacity reduced. PH more than 10, adsorption capacity greatly reduced.

Compared with commercial activated carbon, commercial carbon fiber and wood element of preparation of activated carbon fiber adsorption, activated rice husk and sawdust adsorbent also showed good adsorption performance. It is expected to be used in the treatment of industrial wastewater.

Key words: rice hull; sawdust; lignin activated carbon fiber; modification

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 课题研究的背景 1

1.1.1概述 1

1.1.2处理有机废水的技术方法 1

1.2炭基吸附剂对有机废水的处理研究进展 2

1.2.1前言 2

1.2.2炭基吸附剂的制备 2

1.2.3炭基吸附剂对有机废水的处理 3

1.2.4炭基吸附剂对有机废水的吸附机理 3

1.3本课题研究的意义、目的及内容 3

1.3.1课题研究的目的及意义 3

1.3.2课题研究的主要内容 4

1.3.3课题的创新性 4

第二章 炭基吸附剂的制备及表征 5

2.1实验材料 5

2.1.1实验试剂 5

2.1.2实验仪器和设备 5

2.2表征方法 5

2.3炭材料的制备 6

2.3.1商业活性炭 6

2.3.2生物质炭的制备 6

2.3.3活性炭纤维的制备 6

2.4炭基吸附剂的改性 7

2.4.1用KOH活化 7

2.5孔隙结构表征分析 8

第三章 炭基吸附剂的静态吸附性能研究 9

3.1实验部分 9

3.1.1静态吸附试验及实验装置 9

3.1.2紫外可见分光光度计测定原理 9

3.1.3实验方法 9

3.1.4有机物的标准曲线 9

3.2不同炭基吸附剂吸附性能的研究 11

3.2.1不同炭基吸附剂的吸附速率与时间的关系 11

3.2.1.2不同炭基吸附剂对有机物苯酚的吸附速率与时间的关系 12

3.2.2不同炭基吸附剂对有机物的吸附等温线 12

3.2.2.1不同炭基吸附剂对有机物吡啶的吸附等温线 13

3.2.2.2不同炭基吸附剂对有机物苯酚的吸附等温线 16

3.2.3不同炭基吸附剂对有机物的吸附pH的影响 20

第四章 全文总结及展望 21

4.1全文总结 21

4.2展望及建议 21

致 谢 23

参考文献 24

第一章 绪论

1.1 课题研究的背景

联合国指出，每年全球死于水污染引起的疾病的约有500万人。中国的水体众多，水污染现状更是不容乐观，工业废水是造成水环境污染的重要污染源[1]。排放量大，排放物浓度也很高。水中检测出的有机化学污染物有2200多种，主要有酚类化合物，苯类化合物、卤代烃类化合物及各种油类[2]。

随着化工、制药等其他工业的发展，废水的产生量越来越大，物理、化学和生物方法对有机物的去除效果及效率并不理想。但其以煤炭或者木材为主要原料，制备成本较高，再生困难，已满足不了工业对活性炭的需求。

1.1.1概述

随着工业的快速发展，有机废水每年的总量巨大且逐年递增。若有机废水未经过处理排放到环境中，将会对土壤、地表水和地下水造成严重的破坏，威胁人类的生存安全。因此，对有机废水的处理具有长远的意义。

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