基于3D多孔陶瓷纳米纤维的高效污水处理滤膜

论文总字数：27540字

摘 要

在环境污染日益严重的今天，水体污染作为其中主要的一类，不容我们忽视。故而，寻找合适的水处理方式，成了一个日益迫切的研究课题。太阳能是一种取之不尽，用之不竭的清洁能源，利用太阳能进行水处理，具有光明的前景。本实验通过静电纺丝技术与石墨烯的应用，以构建3D多孔陶瓷纳米纤维体块，意在研制一种3D多孔陶瓷纳米纤维的水处理体块，用以对含有有机物等的污水进行污水处理，收集到可供利用的净水。同样，该材料亦可以用于海水淡化等多种用途。本实验获得的3D多孔陶瓷纳米纤维体块具有疏水性，且密度超小，仅有0.0298 g/cm²。水处理方面，3D多孔陶瓷纳米纤维体块可以明显地提高太阳光下水的蒸发速率，在一个太阳的光强下，蒸发速率可稳定在2.5 kg∙m^-2h^-1左右，大约是纯水蒸发速率的十倍左右，是石墨烯膜的三倍。当将该体块应用于含有染料的废水时，其蒸发速率并无明显改变，能够高效地通过蒸发分离出纯水，此外该材料还具有一定的吸附能力。是一种具有良好应用前景的水处理材料。

关键词：3D陶瓷纳米纤维，水处理，静电纺丝，石墨烯

Abstract

Nowadays, environmental pollution is becoming more and more serious, water pollution, as one of the main categories, can not be ignored. Therefore, it has become an increasingly urgent research topic to find a suitable way of water treatment. Solar energy is an inexhaustible and inexhaustible clean energy. It has a bright prospect to use solar energy for water treatment. In this experiment, 3D porous ceramic nanofiber block was constructed by electrospinning technology and graphene application. The purpose of this experiment is to develop a water treatment block of 3D porous ceramic nanofiber for sewage treatment of sewage containing organic matter and so on. Collect the clean water available for use. Similarly, the material can also be used for many purposes such as seawater desalination. The 3D porous ceramic nanofibers obtained in this experiment are hydrophobic and the density is very small, only 0.0298 g/cm². In the aspect of water treatment, 3D porous ceramic nanofiber block can obviously increase the evaporation rate of water under sunlight. Under the light intensity of one sun, the evaporation rate can be stable at about 2.5 kg∙m^-2h^-1 which is about ten times of the evaporation rate of pure water. It is three times as much as graphene film. When the block is applied to the wastewater containing dye, the evaporation rate does not change obviously, and the pure water can be separated efficiently by evaporation. In addition, the material also has a certain adsorption capacity. It is a kind of water treatment material with good application prospect.

KEY WORDS: 3D ceramic nanofibers, water treatment, electrospinning, graphene

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1．1 研究背景与意义 1

1．2 静电纺丝 2

1．3 3D纳米纤维 4

1．3 本文研究内容 6

第二章 3D多孔陶瓷纳米纤维体块的制备及表征 8

2．1 实验 8

2．1．1 仪器与试剂 8

2．1．2 AT-45纤维的制备 8

2．1．3 改进Hummors法制备石墨烯 9

2．1．4 3D多孔陶瓷纳米纤维体块的制备 9

2．1．5 石墨烯直接水热 9

2．1．6 AT-45纤维直接水热 9

2．1．7 SEM表征 9

2．1．8 TEM表征 10

2．2 3D多孔陶瓷纳米纤维体块的表征 10

2．2．1 体块形态与石墨烯浓度的关系 10

2．2．2 3D多孔陶瓷纳米纤维体块的微观结构 12

2．2．3 3D多孔陶瓷纳米纤维体块的疏水性及超轻性 14

2．3 本章小结 14

第三章 3D多孔陶瓷纳米纤维体块用于纯水的蒸发 15

3．1实验 15

3．1．1 实验仪器 15

3．1．2 3D多孔陶瓷纳米纤维体块的水蒸发速率测定 15

3．1．2 纯水蒸发速率的测定 15

3．1．3 AT-45纤维的水蒸发速率测定 15

3．1．4 石墨烯膜的水蒸发速率测定 15

3．1．5 3D多孔陶瓷纳米纤维体块的水蒸发红外成像 15

3．1．6 石墨烯膜的水蒸发红外成像 16

3．2实验结果与讨论 16

3．2．1 红外成像的讨论 16

3．2．2 水蒸发速率的讨论 17

3．3 本章小结 20

第四章 3D多孔陶瓷纳米纤维体块用于污水处理 21

4．1 实验 21

4．1．1 实验仪器及试剂 21

4．1．2 实验内容 21

4．2 实验结果与讨论 21

4．3 本章小结 23

第五章 总结与展望 24

5．1 总结 24

5．2 展望 24

参考文献（References） 25

致 谢 28

剩余内容已隐藏，请支付后下载全文，论文总字数：27540字