论文总字数：28203字

摘 要

量子点(QDs)作为一种新型的半导体荧光纳米材料，具备与传统的发光材料相似的光致发光性能，且同时具备良好的光稳定性和生物相容性。因此被广泛应用于环境分析、免疫传感、生物成像等诸多领域。本文主要从通过简便的溶胶-凝胶法制备掺杂量子点的硅氧烷微球出发，研究其独特的结构、形貌和荧光性能等，最终将其应用于在免疫荧光试纸条中实现对肿瘤标志物的检测。本论文的内容主要包括三个部分，概括如下：

1、CdSe@ZnS量子点的制备。在乙醇相中制备具有高荧光强度的CdSe@ZnS量子点。通过调控锌源和硫源的加入量，合成具有不同ZnS厚度的CdSe@ZnS量子点，表征他们的荧光强度，以研究不同ZnS壳层厚度对CdSe@ZnS量子点荧光强度的影响，并获得最大荧光强度的CdSe@ZnS量子点。

2、在聚硅氧烷微球中掺杂CdSe@ZnS的制备。通过简单的溶胶-凝胶法，利用硅烷化试剂作为硅源，在微球形成过程中纳入量子点形成荧光微球，合成具有荧光性能的荧光微球。

3、免疫荧光试纸条的构建。在荧光微球表面修饰羧基基因，通过EDC和NHS的活化作用，将抗体引入到本实验室制备的荧光微球上，成功构建了具有生物靶向的纳米探针，并将其应用在试纸条中，实现对抗原的检测。

关键词：量子点，荧光纳米球，CdSe@ZnS量子点，免疫试纸条

Abstract

As a new type of semiconductor fluorescent nanomaterial, quantum dots (QDs) have photoluminescence properties similar to those of traditional luminescent materials, and have good photostability and biocompatibility. Therefore, it is widely used in many fields such as environmental analysis, immunosensing and bio-imaging. In this paper, siloxane microspheres doped with quantum dots were prepared by simple sol-gel method. Their unique structure, morphology and fluorescence properties were studied. Finally, they were applied to immunofluorescence experiments. Detection of antigen was achieved in fluorescent immunoassay strips. The content of this paper mainly includes three parts, which are summarized as follows::

1、Preparation of CdSe@ZnS quantum dots. CdSe@ZnS quantum dots with high fluorescence intensity were prepared in the ethanol phase. By adjusting the amount of zinc source and sulfur source added, CdSe@ZnS quantum dots with different ZnS thicknesses were synthesized to characterize their fluorescence intensity to study the effect of different ZnS shell thickness on the fluorescence intensity of CdSe@ZnS quantum dots. Fluorescence intensity of CdSe@ZnS quantum dots.

2、Preparation of doped CdSe@ZnS in polysiloxane microspheres. By using a simple sol-gel method, a silanization reagent is used as a silicon source, and quantum dots are formed in the microsphere formation process to form fluorescent microspheres, and fluorescent microspheres having fluorescence properties are synthesized.

3、Construction of immunofluorescence test strips. The carboxyl group gene was modified on the surface of the fluorescent microspheres, and the antibody was introduced into the fluorescent microspheres prepared by the laboratory by the activation of EDC and NHS. The nano-probe with biological targeting was successfully constructed and applied to the test paper. In the article, the detection of antigen is achieved.

Keywords: Quantum dots, fluorescent nanospheres, CdSe@ZnS QDs , Immunoassay test strip

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract I

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 量子点概述 1

1.1.1 量子点的定义 1

1.1.2 量子点的性质 1

1.1.3 量子点的合成 2

1.2 量子点的应用 4

1.2.1 生物标记和免疫分析方面的应用 5

1.2.2 在生物细胞医学成像方面的应用 6

1.2.3 电致发光方面的应用 7

1.3 荧光微球的制备 7

1.3.1 将量子点嵌入微珠纳米孔中 8

1.3.2 逐层自组装法 8

1.3.3 在微珠聚合过程中加入量子点 9

1.3.4 表面硅烷化 9

1.4 免疫层析检测技术 10

1.4.1 胶体金免疫层析技术 10

1.4.2 量子点标记免疫层析检测技术 11

1.4.3 荧光微球标记免疫层析检测技术 12

第二章 实验 13

2.1 实验药品试剂与实验仪器 13

2.2 CdSe量子点的制备 14

2.3 CdSe@ZnS量子点的制备 14

2.3.1 不同ZnS层厚度的CdSe@ZnS量子点的制备 14

2.3.2 APTES和MPA为配体的CdSe@ZnS量子点的制备 15

2.4 CdSe@ZnS掺杂聚甲基倍半硅氧烷(量子点-PMSQ)荧光微球的合成 15

2.5 免疫荧光试纸条的构建 15

2.5.1 免疫量子点-PMSQ (iQDs-PMSQ)荧光微球的制备 15

2.5.2 横向流动试纸条(LFTS)的制备 16

2.5.3 使用基于SQS的横向流动试纸条检测HCG 16

第三章 结果与讨论 17

3.1 乙醇相中CdSe量子点的荧光光谱表征 17

3.2 不同ZnS层厚度的CdSe@ZnS量子点的荧光光谱表征 17

3.3 不同配体的CdSe@ZnS量子点的傅里叶红外光谱表征 19

3.4 量子点-PMSQ荧光微球的TEM表征 20

3.5 横向流动试纸条的性能表征 20

第四章 结论与展望 22

4.1 全文总结 22

4.2 前景展望 22

参考文献 24

致 谢 26

第一章 绪论

1.1 量子点概述

1.1.1 量子点的定义

纳米晶体是几百到几千个原子的晶体簇，大小为几纳米，是介于分子和体形式物质之间的一类材料。虽然比单个原子更复杂，它们的性质不同于块状晶体。由于其尺寸较小，许多化学和物理性质由其表面而非体积决定。由于它们的尺寸很小，只有几纳米，相当于电子和空穴在室温下的德布罗意波长的数量级，所以纳米晶体中电荷载流子的状态是量子化的。球形纳米晶体中的自由电子和空穴被限制在三个方向上，电荷载体的运动完全由量子力学决定，因此，纳米晶也常被称为量子点(Quantum dots，量子点)。

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