杂多酸与贵金属纳米复合材料的制备与调控

论文总字数：20849字

摘 要

近年来，随着材料科学技术领域科研水平的提高。杂多酸与金纳米颗粒复合材料在催化、药用等学科领域，有着越来越多应用前景。研究者们有了广泛且较为深入的研究。杂多酸，又称为多金属氧酸盐（Polyoxometalates，简称为POMs），可以与金纳米颗粒进行各种形式的组装。杂多酸可以同时释放出质子和电子，而质子和电子相结合可以制备氢气，从而产生氢能。与杂多酸相复合的是金纳米颗粒（Au Nanoparticles，简称为Au NPs）。金纳米颗粒的特殊性质是，在受到光催化激发时，会发生局域表面等离子体共振（Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance）现象，简称为LSPR。所以将表面带正电荷的Au NPs或金纳米棒（Au Nanorods）的LSPR激发所产生的热电子，与表面带负电荷的杂多酸复合在一起，可以提高杂多酸催化剂的催化活性，从而提高杂多酸的催化效果。

本文重点报道了一种简便、环保的方法：UV还原法制备金纳米颗粒Au NPs。本方法提供的方法，通过杂多酸与金纳米颗粒双组分纳米复合材料在紫外光（UV）的条件下，经过性能测试，对POMs/Au NPs双组分纳米复合材料的催化性能进行表征。

通过性能测试，发现所制备的杂多酸与金纳米颗粒双组分纳米复合材料在经过紫外灯照射后，光催化活性有明显的增强，所以是杂多酸和纳米金共同促进了光催化活性的增强。杂多酸与纳米金双组分纳米复合材料展现出十分优异的催化性能，在环境、能源、电子、表面、生命科学等和人们日常生活密切相关的新兴领域，都受到了研究者们的广泛重视。更进一步的是，由于金纳米颗粒强烈的局域表面等离子体共振，通过远红外光照的方式在局部对修饰肿瘤的金纳米颗粒进行加热，用光热能来摧毁肿瘤，可以应用于治疗癌症。在未来，这项技术将会实现可行性推广，造福全人类。

关键词：POM；Au NRs；双组分纳米催化剂；LSPR；

Preparation and control of polyoxometalates and gold nanocomposites materials

Abstract

In recent years, polyoxometalates and gold nanocomposites have a wide range of applications in material science and biotechnology, such as catalysis, medicinal, optical and electronic fields, researchers have a wide and in-depth research. Polyoxometalates (hereafter referred to as POMs), is characterized by remarkable catalytic activity. POMs can release both protons and electrons simultaneously, and hydrogen can be produced by the combination of protons and electrons. Gold nanocomposites materials (hereafter referred to as Au NPs) , which has unique advantages and wide applications. The morphology control of Au NPs has been deeply studied. Due to the strong local surface plasmon resonance (hereafter referred to as LSPR) phenomenon of Au NPs, the hot electrons produced by the positive charge Au NPs on the surface or the LSPR of the Au nanorods are excited by the phenomenon of LSPR. Combined with POMs with negative charge on the surface, the catalytic activity of POMs catalyst can be improved and the catalytic effect of POMs can be improved.

This paper focuses on a simple and environmentally friendly method: one-step synthesis of Au NPs , and the comparison of morphology and composite mode with the Au nanorods prepared by seed growth method, and the optimum results are obtained. This method provides a method for synthesis of POMs/Au NPs , which is convenient, fast and green. The catalytic properties of POMs/Au NPs were characterized by optical and electrical properties of POMs/Au NPs under the condition of UV.

Through the catalytic performance test, it was found that the photocatalytic activity of the POMs/Au NPs was obviously enhanced after irradiation by UV . Therefore, POMs/Au NPs promoted the enhancement of photocatalytic activity. POMs/Au NPs catalysts show excellent catalytic performance. In the environment, energy, electronics, surface, life sciences and other fields closely related to the daily life of people. It has been paid more and more attention by researchers. Furthermore, because of the strong LSPR of Au NPs, the Au NPs can be heated locally by far infrared illumination, and the tumor can be destroyed by photothermal energy, which can be used in the treatment of cancer. In the future, the technique will be more efficient and accurate in targeting tumors. With the rapid development of the research, will be feasible to promote and benefit all mankind.

Key words: Polyoxometalates; Au NPs; bicomponent nanometer catalyst; LSPR;

目录

摘要 Ⅰ

Abstract Ⅱ

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 杂多酸的背景 1

1.1.1 杂多酸的概述 1

1.1.2 Keggin型杂多酸的结构与物理性能 2

1.2 金纳米颗粒的局域表面等离子体共振概述 3

1.2.1 表面等离子体共振 3

1.2.2 局域的表面等离子体共振 3

1.3 金纳米颗粒的研究背景 4

1.4研究内容及意义 5

第二章 实验仪器和药品 7

2.1实验仪器 7

2.2实验药品 7

第三章 样品的制备与调控 8

3.1 金纳米颗粒的制备 8

3.2 杂多蓝的制备 8

3.3 电子牺牲剂的选取 8

3.4 杂多酸/金纳米颗粒双组分纳米复合材料的制备与调控 9

3.4.1 杂多酸/金纳米颗粒双组分纳米复合材料的制备 9

3.4.2 杂多酸/金纳米颗粒双组分纳米复合材料的调控 10

3.5 注意事项 11

第四章 结果与讨论 12

4.1 杂多酸/金纳米颗粒双组分纳米复合材料的实验结果 12

4.1.1 实验结果图示 12

4.1.2 制备方法总结 14

4.2 电子牺牲剂的选择 16

4.3 改进配方后的实验结果 17

4.4 紫外光谱(UV)的表征 18

4.2 红外光谱(IR)的表征 20

4.3 透射电子显微镜(TEM)的表征 23

4.3.2 透射电子显微镜样品图 23

第五章 实验总结 24

致谢 25

参考文献 26

第一章 绪论

1.1 杂多酸的背景

1.1.1 杂多酸的概述

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