反应精馏制备溴代烷烃的研究

 2022-01-28 22:44:25

论文总字数:22073字

摘 要

溴代烷烃是一类重要的有机合成中间体,在工业、农业、医药和日常生活中都有广泛的应用。工业上生产溴乙烷大多是采用乙醇溴化法,该方法虽然流程简单,但是污染非常严重。本文研究了用反应精馏来制备溴乙烷的最佳反应条件。结果表明,各个影响因素对反应精馏制备溴乙烷实验的影响程度大小依次为:反应温度、氢溴酸和乙醇物质的量之比、反应时间。且反应精馏制备溴乙烷实验的最佳反应条件为:反应温度100℃,氢溴酸和乙醇物质的量之比为5:1,反应时间为3h,这种情况下的乙醇的转化率达到了97.68%。溴乙烷含量达到了96%以上。

关键词:反应精馏 溴乙烷 溴代烷烃

A STUDY ON THE REACTIVE DISTILLATION PREPARATION OF ALKYL BROMIDE

Abstract

Alkyl bromide is a kind of important intermediate in organic synthesis, which has wide application in industry, agriculture, medicine and our daily life. The production of bromoethane is used mostly on industrial ethanol bromination method. This method is simple but polluted. In this thesis, the optimum response condition of the reactive distillation preparation of bromoethane was investigated. Experimental results show that the influence degree of each factors on the reactive distillation preparation of bromoethane experiment was reaction temperature, molar ratio of hydrobromic acid and ethyl alcohol, reaction time. And the optimum response conditions of the reactive distillation preparation of bromoethane was as follows: reaction temperature was 100℃, molar ratio of hydrobromic acid and ethyl alcohol was 5:1, reaction time was 3 hours. The conversion of alcohol up to 97.68% and the bromoethane content above 96% in the optimum conditions.

KEY WORDS: reactive distillation, bromoethane, alkyl bromide.

目录

摘要…………………………………………………………………………………………………I

Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………………II

目录………………………………………………………………………………………………III

  1. 绪论………………………………………………………………………………………1

1.1引言………………………………………………………………………………………1

1.1.1溴乙烷简介…………………………………………………………………………1

1.1.2溴乙烷的合成方法…………………………………………………………………1

1.1.3溴系的现状…………………………………………………………………………1

1.1.4反应精馏技术………………………………………………………………………2

1.1.5反应精馏法的发展及工业应用……………………………………………………2

1.1.6反应精馏的分类……………………………………………………………………2

1.2反应精馏的研究现状……………………………………………………………………3

1.2.1反应精馏塔及催化剂………………………………………………………………3

1.2.2催化床中传质及流体力学特性……………………………………………………3

1.2.3反应精馏的应用……………………………………………………………………3

1.2.4反应精馏模拟的简单介绍…………………………………………………………4

1.2.5反应精馏的局限性…………………………………………………………………5

1.2.6反应精馏的前景……………………………………………………………………5

1.3溴乙烷的研究现状………………………………………………………………………5

1.3.1溴乙烷的制备………………………………………………………………………5

1.3.1.1相转移催化法合成溴乙烷……………………………………………………5

1.3.1.2乙烷溴氧化制备溴乙烷………………………………………………………6

1.3.1.3 HBr-H2S04法…………………………………………………………………6

1.3.1.4乙醇溴化法……………………………………………………………………6

1.3.1.5碱式溴化镁废渣法……………………………………………………………7

1.3.1.6溴-硫法…………………………………………………………………………7

1.3.2溴乙烷的应用………………………………………………………………………7

1.3.2.1溴代烷烃介绍和应用…………………………………………………………7

1.3.2.2溴乙烷法制备模板剂四乙基溴化铵…………………………………………8

1.4溴代烷烃的研究现状……………………………………………………………………8

1.4.1溴系阻燃剂…………………………………………………………………………8

1.4.2溴代烷烃的合成……………………………………………………………………9

1.5本文的研究目的和主要研究内容………………………………………………………9

第二章 实验内容…………………………………………………………………………………10

2.1主要实验试剂和实验设备………………………………………………………………10

2.1.1主要实验药品和试剂………………………………………………………………10

2.1.2检测仪器和设备……………………………………………………………………10

2.2实验装置图………………………………………………………………………………10

2.3实验步骤…………………………………………………………………………………10

2.3.1 氢氧化钠溶液的制备………………………………………………………………10

2.3.2 盐酸溶液的制备……………………………………………………………………11

2.3.3酸碱滴定……………………………………………………………………………11

2.3.4精馏反应……………………………………………………………………………11

2.3.5 气相色谱检测………………………………………………………………………11

第三章 实验结果讨论……………………………………………………………………………12

3.1数据计算及处理…………………………………………………………………………12

3.2实验方法…………………………………………………………………………………12

3.3原料酸醇比的影响………………………………………………………………………12

3.4反应温度的影响…………………………………………………………………………14

3.5正交实验…………………………………………………………………………………15

第四章 结论与展望………………………………………………………………………………17

参考文献(references)…………………………………………………………………………18

致谢………………………………………………………………………………………………20

  1. 绪论

1.1引言

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