聚焦学生高阶思维能力的教学设计研究——以“金属及其化合物”为例

论文总字数：8503字

摘 要

为了培养社会发展所需要的人才从而满足时代的需求，我国基础教育已将提高学生综合能力列为教学过程的重中之重。教育者研究的重点逐渐向培养高阶能力所必需的高阶思维课堂教学倾斜，体现在相对于低阶思维能力（记忆、理解与应用）的高阶思维能力（分析、评价与创造）的具体应用。本文以“金属及其化合物”为例，从课堂教学切入，将每一个课时的教学目的都分为两个主要层次，就是高阶和低阶。用低阶思维中常用的行为动词（如记忆、回顾等）和训练高阶思维所常用的（如判断、分析、设计、总结等）进行具体分析，对高中学生高阶思维能力培养的从教学内容、教学策略、教学原则和教学评价与测量等几个方面开展实践教育，从而探讨得出如何在化学课堂中培养学生的高阶思维能力有效可行办法。本研究建立在基础理论知识和教学实践之上，将构建主义、时代需求和学生的能力培养有机地结合起来，从而促进高中学生的高阶思维能力培养。初步探索教学实践框架，促进不同能力水平学生的具体培养，促进教师的多元化发展。

关键词：高中化学，高阶思维，金属及其化合物

Abstract：In order to cultivate talents needed by social development and meet the needs of The Times, China"s education has made improving students" comprehensive ability the top priority in the teaching process. The focus of educators" research has gradually shifted to the higher-order thinking classroom teaching necessary for the cultivation of higher-order ability, which is reflected in the specific application of higher-order thinking ability (analysis, evaluation and creation) relative to lower-order thinking ability (memory, understanding and application). This study takes "metals and their compounds" as an example. Starting from the classroom teaching, the teaching purpose of each class hour is divided into two main levels, namely the higher level and the lower level. With low order thinking that is commonly used in action verbs (such as memory, review, etc.) and the training of higher order thinking are commonly used, such as judgment, analysis, design, summary, etc.) for the specific analysis of high-order thinking ability training for high school students from the teaching content, teaching strategy, teaching principles and teaching evaluation and measurement and so on several aspects to carry out the practice education, which discuss that how to cultivate the students" advanced thinking ability in chemistry classroom effective and feasible method. Based on basic theoretical knowledge and teaching practice, this study organically combines constructivism, the needs of The Times and the ability cultivation of students, so as to promote the cultivation of high-level thinking ability of high school students. To explore the teaching practice framework, promote the specific cultivation of students with different ability levels, and promote the diversified development of teachers.

Keywords：high school chemistry，higher order thinking，metals and compounds

目 录

1 绪论 6

1.1研究背景 6

1.2 研究意义 6

1.3 研究方法和研究思路 6

2 化学教学中培养高阶思维的必要性 7

2.1教材内容视角 7

2.2学生自身视角 7

2.3教师教学视角 7

3 化学教学中培养学生高阶思维的实践策略——以“金属及其氧化物”为例 8

3.1 创设真实情境，精心预设问题 9

3.2 营造积极环境，消除学生紧张感 9

结 论 11

参 考 文 献 12

致 谢 13

1 绪论

1.1研究背景

人类社会的发展已经经历了手工业时代，然后过渡知识时代，而后飞速进入了信息时代。知识和产品以前所未有的速度的更新发展，这就需学习者要在学习的过程中高效率地收集、整理、分析和应用，并逐步形成思维能力。而面对新情境中的新问题。能够根据认知过程将能力分为低阶思维能力和高阶思维能力，但是其中低阶思维所包含的记忆、理解和应用已经不能满足社会发展的需要。高阶思维能力所指向的分析问题，独立思考和客观评价，创造性解决问题的能力，已经成为适应时代生存和发展的基本要求。鉴于研究者的实习经历，在关注自我教学的时候，也把目光投向了学生，意识到教学形式的改变最终的目标在于学生学习习惯的改变，高阶思维教学的实行基础是高阶学习的支持，从而促使我们去深入调查探索。

1.2 研究意义

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