论文总字数：25524字

摘 要

前额叶皮层是最高级别的联合皮层，是中枢神经系统最晚成熟的结构，在许多脑高级功能中起着关键作用，其中包括情景记忆。然而，在对于前额叶皮层或情景记忆的相关研究当中，探索前额叶皮层神经振荡在情景记忆中的作用研究相对较少。为了研究这一问题，本课题利用了多通道在体记录技术,来研究大鼠的前额叶皮层神经振荡在情景记忆中的作用。

多通道在体记录技术，即清醒动物在体神经元单位放电多通道同步记录技术，是通过将微阵列电极植入实验动物的研究相关脑区，记录该脑区神经元放电现象的技术。

首先，我们制作微阵列电极，测其阻值，然后通过手术植入到大鼠前额叶皮层。之后，采用条件恐惧箱对已植入电极的大鼠进行相应训练，记录其适应阶段及训练后的测试阶段的神经振荡。行为学结果分析表明大鼠从训练中获取了情景记忆，从频谱图上分析，神经振荡在情景记忆形成后，在某些频段表现为能量上升，可推测出神经元在情景记忆形成前后神经电信号的发放发生了变化，阐明了大鼠前额叶皮层部分神经振荡在情景记忆形成中发挥了一定作用。

关键词：情景记忆，前额叶皮层，神经振荡，多通道在体记录技术

Abstract

The prefrontal cortex is the highest level of association cortex and the latest mature structure of the central neural system, which plays a key role in many higher-order brain functions, including episodic memory. However, there are few studies about the role of neural oscillations in prefrontal cortex in episodic memory. The Large-scale neural ensemble in vivo recording technology was used to study this issue.

Large-scale neural ensemble in vivo recording technology, also called multichannel synchronous recording technique for firing multiple channels in somatic neurons in awake animal, can record the neuron discharge phenomenon in the brain regions by implanting micro-array electrodes into the relevant brain regions of experimental animals.

First, microarray electrodes were fabricated and their resistance values were measured and then surgically implanted into rat’s prefrontal cortex. Next, rat which was implanted with electrodes was trained accordingly using conditional fear box, and was recorded the neural oscillations before training and after training. Analysis of behavioral results showed that rats acquired episodic memory from training. From the frequency spectrum analysis, the power of neural oscillations in some of the spectrum was increased after the formation of the episodic memory. The increasing of the power of neural oscillations can infer the changes of the neurons firing during the formation of episodic memory. Our results show that some of the neural oscillations in the prefrontal cortex play a important role in the formation of episodic memory.

KEY WORDS: episodic memory, the prefrontal cortex, nerve oscillation, large-scale neural ensemble in vivo recording technology

目 录

摘要·············································································································I

Abstract········································································································II

第一章 绪论··································································································1

1.1研究背景··························································································1

1.2文献综述··························································································1

1.2.1恐惧记忆的研究意义····································································1

1.2.2恐惧记忆相关脑区·······································································2

1.2.3研究展望···················································································3

1.3神经电信号在体记录机制的发展····························································3

1.3.1生物放电现象的认识与发展···························································3

1.3.2神经电信号的产生及动作电位························································3

1.3.3神经放电活动在体记录机制···························································4

1.3.4神经振荡分类·············································································5

1.4课题难点··························································································5

第二章 材料与方法·························································································7

2.1实验材料与设备·················································································7

2.1.1动物准备···················································································7

2.1.2实验试剂、仪器与设备·································································7

2.2实验方法··························································································7

2.2.1微阵列电极制备与阻抗测试···························································7

2.2.2电极植入手术·············································································8

2.2.3情景记忆与形成训练···································································10

2.2.4神经振荡成分分析······································································11

第三章 结果与分析························································································12

3.1情景记忆形成前后行为学结果·····························································12

3.2情景记忆形成前后的神经振荡成分对比分析···········································13

第四章 结论与展望························································································18

致谢···········································································································19

参考文献·····································································································20

第一章 绪论

1. 1研究背景

前额叶皮层（prefrontal cortex, PFC）是最高级别的联合皮层^[1]，主要包括眶额回、侧脑回、内侧壁三个主回，而常规的分类方法则将其分为外侧前额皮层（lateral prefrontal cortex, LPFC），眶额叶皮层（orbitofrontal cortex, OFC），和内侧前额叶皮质（medial prefrontal cortex, MPFC）。人类的多种高级生理活动，例如运动的组织和计划、想象、意识、思维等都和前额叶皮层的功能有关^[2]。有研究表明，前额叶皮层的功能损伤可能导致许多疾病的发生，如精神分裂症、帕金森、注意力多动症等^[3]。由于前额叶皮层在所有皮层中相对复杂，被了解得较少，因此成为近些年的研究热点。

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